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Pheby Delores Brown, 17, lives on the Bell Plantation with her mother, Ruth. The two women are enslaved by Jacob Bell and his wife Delphina, the plantation owners. Delphina dislikes Ruth, a renowned healer and seamstress, and will not allow Ruth in the big house. When Ruth and Pheby learn that Rachel, one of the house servants, is sick, Ruth tries to use her medical knowledge to care for the woman, but Delphina refuses to allow Ruth to help until it is too late.
After Rachel’s death, Pheby is called to fill her place in the big house, caring for the pregnant Delphina. Delphina treats Pheby poorly. Jacob’s sister Sally taught Pheby how to read, write, and play piano, skills Delphina feels are unbefitting for an enslaved person. Pheby is called “high yella” by another house servant, indicating that she has a white father and Black mother.
Working in the big house is physically demanding and leaves Pheby with no time for herself. She sleeps in a small closet at the entrance of Delphina’s bedroom. When she manages to sneak away to her mother’s room, she sees Jacob Bell with her mother. Pheby reveals that her father is Jacob Bell and that he frequently spends time with Ruth in her room. Bell acts as the head of the family, praying with Pheby and Ruth at the dinner table.
Ruth urges Bell to intervene on Pheby’s behalf and send her North so she can be free. Bell shares that he has found a school in Massachusetts where Pheby can be educated. Ruth is determined that her daughter will have a better life than she does, a life of freedom. Once, after walking in on Bell and her mother having sex, Ruth told her daughter that everything she did was to secure her daughter’s freedom.
In the dark of night, Pheby meets up with Essex, an enslaved Black man who takes care of horses on the Bell Plantation. Essex gives Pheby a necklace with a wood carving of half a heart. Pheby repeats her mother’s warning to avoid pregnancy until she is free. Essex shares that he plans to run away from the plantation but only when he can take Pheby with him.
Every morning, Pheby must rise early before Delphina to dress her for the day. As she prepares Miss Delphina, Pheby tries to avoid touching Delphina’s skin. Pheby’s time is so busy that she only eats when another house servant can sneak her food. Pheby is exhausted and in pain from Delphina’s abuse and the hard nature of the work. Ruth reminds her daughter that she still has freedom in her mind and that no one can take that from her. Pheby learns that Jacob is making a trip without his wife. Instead, he is taking Ruth. When Delphina pushes back against his decision, Jacob shuts her down quickly.
While Ruth is gone, Pheby has even less time for herself or to meet with Essex. Jacob and Ruth are gone for two months when a letter arrives stating that they will be extending their visit. Delphina’s abuse of Pheby increases now that Jacob and Ruth are not there to monitor how she treats Pheby. As Delphina’s pregnancy progresses, she eats less and grows more demanding and moodier.
Pheby is finally able to find alone time with Essex, and she decides that she is ready to be physically intimate with him. However, he stops her before their kissing progresses. Essex shares that Delphina has been forcing him to have sex with her by threatening him. Pheby is hurt and shocked. She realizes that the baby Delphina is carrying could belong to Essex. Pheby tells Essex that if Delphina’s child is not white, she could accuse Essex of rape and have him killed. The two plan for Essex to escape.
Pheby is heavy with the weight of what Essex shared. She gives Essex a map she stole from a book at the big house so that he can find his way North. Essex urges Pheby to come with him. Pheby says she does not want to go. Jacob has promised her papers when she turns 18. Pheby and Essex have sexual intercourse, and Pheby associates the sensation with a feeling of freedom.
In the opening chapter of Yellow Wife, the narrative introduces Delphina through Ruth and Pheby. Ruth is disparaging the fact that Delphina has refused to allow her to care for a house servant until it is too late. Even though the servant was Delphina’s favorite, she devalued Ruth’s knowledge and the life of the woman who lay dying. Delphina emphasizes The Dehumanization of Slavery. Her character reveals how slavery strips everyone, including white enslavers, of their own humanity.
Jacob and Delphina’s actions consistently degrade everyone around them. They deny people access to care, food, safety, community, and rest. They beat, slap, torture, rape, and enslave. They justify and praise a system that oppresses and destroys. However, they are not immune from the effects of their own cruelty. Their marriage is dysfunctional, a reflection of the imbalance of power that pervades their culture. When Delphina pushes back against Bell’s treatment of her, Pheby gauges his emotions carefully: “I could tell by the way Master chewed the inside of his jaw that his patience had waned. Missus must have noticed too, because she dropped her eyes and reached for her lemonade” (12). The same system that provides Delphina with power and affluence also dehumanizes her, turning her into a cowering and submissive wife, as well as a cruel and heartless enslaver.
Ruth defies the dehumanization of slavery. She shows Pheby how to take care of herself—to sew clothes that fit well and looked attractive, to tidy her hair, and preserve her skin. Yet, Ruth must embody The Complex Relationship Between Submission and Defiance, something that Pheby will face herself later in the novel. Ruth lives as a mistress to her enslaver. Her and Pheby’s experiences are undeniably rape, but Ruth must act as though she is a willing and loving partner to survive. Ruth tells Pheby that Pheby’s mind can never be owned or enslaved—even as she must submit her body and commit acts that are misaligned with her values, she can hold tightly to who she is and the knowledge that what her enslavers are doing is wrong.
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