60 pages • 2 hours read
Orson Scott CardA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The Pequeninos are worried that the humans will kill both the descolada and the Pequeninos. The hive queen tells Human that she is impacted by the virus, too, for she must create and pass antibodies on to her drones. However, the descolada will eventually evolve faster than she can adapt her antibodies. She also says that Lusitania belongs to the Pequeninos, and they will be the species to survive if the other species cannot all be saved. Human agrees that the descolada virus should not be spread to other planets, and the hive queen says it will be up to the Pequeninos to decide what to do with the spaceships she provides them.
Contact is restored between Congress and the Lusitania fleet. Han Fei-tzu refuses to meet with people coming to honor him, and Qing-jao attends in his stead. Wang-mu cannot stand the boasting and requests to skip the meetings, and Qing-jao fires her. Han Fei-tzu asks Wang-mu to be his student so he won’t be alone in his knowledge of the truth. Han Fei-tzu does not want Wang-mu to act like a servant, but she says that she is compelled to perform her “rituals of humiliation” (244) just as Han Fei-tzu must perform his purifying rituals.
Jane, who has overheard the conversation, appears asking for help. Jane lists the problems to be solved: stopping the Lusitania fleet, saving the hive queen and the Pequeninos, suppressing the descolada virus, discovering faster-than-light travel, reversing the OCD mutation on Path, and saving herself from the potential ansible shutdown. Jane asks Han Fei-tzu and Wang-mu to collect tissue samples from themselves and others, so Ela can study how to reverse the OCD. Wang-mu masquerades as a godspoken girl to obtain the samples and takes them to a local college for testing. Jane retrieves the information and sends it to Lusitania.
Miro relates to Ender because Ender lost Novinha just like Miro lost Ouanda. Miro tells Ender it would be easier if he accepted that Novinha is gone, but Ender still hopes to win her back. Miro says that Novinha is jealous of Ender’s closeness with Jane, and Ender realizes that losing Novinha is his fault. Miro and Ender hypothesize that Jane is contained in the collective computer terminals and could back herself up to survive an ansible shutdown. Ender agrees with Miro that people have free will, and he hypothesizes that humans, like Jane, exist as a single philote embedded in the philotic rays and that the physical world is akin to a “holographic display.” Ender plans to assign Grego, who is in prison, to work on his new hypothesis alongside his work on faster-than-light travel, and he tells Jane to enlist Han Fei-tzu’s and Wang-mu’s help, arguing that diverse research could help spark more ideas.
The hive queen is able to see and hear whatever her drones see and hear while they are in different regions of the universe, so she believes that the fathertrees will retain their connection to each other while on separate planets.
Wang-mu, who feels undereducated for the task, asks Qing-jao to help in the research at Han Fei-tzu’s request. Qing-jao refuses, but she pulls up the information on the descolada virus and discusses how the virus could not have come to be via evolution. She explains the principles of “gaialogy,” which dictate that organisms adapt to their environments, and lifeforms will adapt to alter the temperature of a planet. Wang-mu talks with Jane, who takes Qing-jao’s observations to Ela. Jane connects the researchers by displaying their images on each other’s screens. Wang-mu is not confident in her contributions to the discussion, but Ela and Ender are excited by her thoughts. Together, they conclude that the descolada virus is human-made and was employed on Lusitania to terraform the planet. Wang-mu defends Qing-jao, but Ender argues that Qing-jao is not worthy of Wang-mu’s devotion because Qing-jao wants to control Wang-mu just as Starways Congress controls Path with the engineered OCD variant.
Ela and Ender tell Valentine and Planter their latest hypothesis about the descolada virus. Ender struggles to read Planter’s nonverbal cues. He seems distracted while Ender is speaking, and when Ender finishes, Planter scampers around the room feelings things until he is exhausted then wraps his arms around Ender as if Ender is a tree. Planter recognizes that the hypothesis is correct, and the Pequeninos’ behavior is controlled by the descolada and driven by the climate; when the planet is too warm, the Pequeninos are driven to create more trees by going to war and dying, and when it is too cold, they sacrifice brothertrees by cutting them down and building houses. Planter is disheartened by the revelation, but Ender argues that all behavior is driven by some practical purpose, such as human civilizations creating ideal settings for reproduction. Planter wonders whether his intelligence also comes from the descolada, and he volunteers to sacrifice himself in an experiment by clearing himself of the virus and monitoring his intelligence.
After Wang-mu updates Han Fei-tzu, she reflects on the conversation with Ender and Ela. She realizes that Ender is right—gods, like good parents, would want the best for everyone, and they would not enslave or humiliate people.
The hive queen is bothered by how many questions humans have, and she feels that such intelligence leads to unhappiness. Human defends the humans, but the hive queen argues that humans make up stories, even while asleep, and almost all the meanings they imagine are wrong. The hive queen tells Human that Ender’s mind was too strong and foreign for her to control, and she used a bridge at first to communicate with him.
Valentine visits Olhado to talk. He explains that people think he does not care because they cannot read his expressions due to his mechanical eyes. However, this means he is a passive observer who can make less biased insights. He looks up to Ender, who is also an observer but who has the ability to help people heal. Ender inspired him to become a father, and he calls Ender “Papa.”
Miro goes to Quara, who is upset that she has been cut off from the lab. Quara argues that keeping secrets is not a valid form of protection. Miro points out her hypocrisy, as Quara is withholding information about the descolada virus, and that her secrecy will lead to Planter’s death in the experiment. Quara believes that the descolada is sentient and that it is protecting its environment by attacking foreign species. Miro accuses Quara of pride and asks her to visit Planter. Quara thanks him for not hacking into her computer files, but she does not know Jane has already scanned her files but has found nothing useful in them, as Quara is not recording her most important discoveries.
Ender goes to the hive queen to discuss faster-than-light travel. She shows Ender her perspective of how a hive queen is made. The new queen-body reaches out to a different dimension called the Outspace for consciousness—also referred to as aiúa, “meaning-maker,” and binder—and becomes that essence. Ender is unsettled, but the hive queen explains that she is the “binder” just as Ender is the “possessor” of his body. The hive queen says that in the earliest days of their psychic connection, she used the computer as a bridge to connect with Ender because they both could connect with the computer. These days, the queen has since stopped using the bridge and has connected directly to him. The bridge was centered in Ender’s body, and Ender realizes that the bridge the hive queen used was Jane. As a boy in Battle School, he unknowingly created a pattern that brought Jane to life. Now, if Congress shuts down the ansibles, Jane will survive because part of her is within Ender, although she will experience significant mental injuries.
Jane connects Han Fei-tzu and Wang-mu with Ela, who says that she has discovered the engineered OCD gene. Wang-mu’s genetics are unique in that she has the gene for heightened intelligence but not for the manufactured OCD. Ela says that if she finds a way to alter the descolada, she will be able to use Wang-mu’s genetic code to reverse the genetic OCD and give all the people on Path the genes for heightened intelligence.
Valentine visits Grego in prison, and Olhado is with him. Grego is absorbed in the mathematics of the hive queen’s concept of calling for consciousness from the Outspace. They hope to travel to the Outspace—an adjacent spacetime where philotes are possibilities rather than organized—then re-emerge in their natural spacetime at another location simply by imagining it. They hope that Jane’s consciousness is complex enough to wish for the traveling processes to take place while holding together those who are traveling. Jane will travel with the ship because her aiúa—or her will—is partially in Ender, and Ender will be on the ship. If it works, they will be able to shuttle everyone on Lusitania to safety.
Meanwhile, Planter’s condition is declining, but he is retaining his intelligence without the descolada virus. Quara arrives and demands that they shut off the recording system so she can speak to Planter in private. Ela agrees, but Jane plays the conversation between Quara and Planter for Miro. Quara does not want to accept that she is, in part, causing Planter’s death by withholding secrets. She argues that Demosthenes’ classification of sentient life is not valid, so the descolada is not varelse. Planter says that Quara is not helping; he compares her to Grego, saying, “You both refuse to listen to anybody else. You know better about everything. And when you’re both done, many many innocent people are dead” (339). Quara blames Planter for weakening her convictions, but he knows that she came so he could convince her to share what she knows. He sends Quara away, and she exits into the lab and tells Ela what she knows.
By the next day, the humans have plans for a revised virus called recolada, but they are unable to make it. Ela and Quara assure Planter that they will not kill the descolada without the recolada to replace it. He dies, and the Pequeninos take his body and cut it up before planting him in an attempt to turn him into a fathertree. However, his sentience is not passed into his tree form. His experiment has proven that Pequeninos have intelligence that is independent of the descolada.
Jane believes that she can hold the necessary patterns to complete faster-than-light travel through Outspace as long as the spaceship and the trip are simple and short. While in Outspace, Ela will attempt to imagine and create the recolada virus and a cure for those on Path. Only Ender, Miro, Ela, and Jane will make the trip.
The author uses detailed explanations in his worldbuilding and in the development of his theoretical and philosophical elements. High-level concepts such as philotes and philotic twining are established early in the novel and are progressively built upon so that the reader can understand them. However, Card’s frequent use of complex scientific language and terminology also marks his work as a prime example of “hard science fiction,” for he employs established scientific principles (such as the theory of relativity) in new ways to create a sense of realism and plausibility. The combination of the intricate details and the credible tone is intended to convince readers to suspend disbelief and ponder the plausibility of the fictional concepts presented.
As these complex ideas unfold, the rising action continues as the humans uncover partial solutions to their problems. It is important to note that each faction held a piece of the puzzle, but it is not until Jane facilitates communications and allows them to work together that they are finally able to make forward progress. With this pattern, Card demonstrates that people are always stronger when they work together, thus emphasizing the theme of Cross-Species Understanding and Coexistence. This theme is further emphasized when Wang-mu, Han Fei-tzu, and Jane discover the descolada’s purpose as a terraforming agent. The revelation is difficult for Planter to handle, for he has a pessimistic outlook and resents the descolada virus for its ability to manipulate the behavior of the Pequeninos on a massive scale. His offer to sacrifice himself is therefore a direct reflection of the theme of Defining Intelligent Life, for he literally gives up his own life to prove the inherent intelligence of his species. Planter therefore loses his original sense of the meaning of life, but he finds a new purpose when he volunteers to participate in the experiment. While talking to Jane, Ender says, “I think you don’t grow up until you stop worrying about other people’s purposes or lack of them and find the purposes you believe in for yourself” (274). This line serves to provide a philosophical basis for Planter’s actions and is also intended to act as a piece of sage advice for the reader.
As the various factions of intelligent species struggle to create a solution to their mutual problems, communication barriers arise to complicate matters throughout the novel. This occurs on many different levels: social, physical, and psychological. For example, Qing-jao and Wang-mu cannot communicate effectively because of their different social classes. People avoid reading Olhado’s facial cues because of his mechanical eyes, and Miro has a speech disability caused by brain damage. The Rebeira siblings all have poor communication skills on a psychological level, and this shared difficulty stems from their mother, Novinha. Many of the characters are also prejudiced in ways that prevent them from sharing pertinent information, and thus, the communication barriers are even greater between the sentient species. Each has a different style of communication, and while the humans, Pequeninos, and hive queen can trade information, the communication is not always clear. The hive queen adapts her communication methods by speaking telepathically to Ender and the others, but she cannot match all of her thoughts to words that they will understand because she communicates with her drones nonverbally. Likewise, Ender is overwhelmed by the hive queen’s real-time communications with the drones; to him, they appear as a dizzying display made of myriad facets that show the perspective of each individual drone. It is interesting to note that the Pequeninos’ communication style falls between those of humans and Formics, for they can communicate by talking and by sharing information through philotic twining. These communication barriers explore various nuances of the theme of Cross-Species Understanding and Coexistence. Ultimately, communication is an integral feature in understanding and coexistence, whether between members of the same species or between members of alien species, and Card demonstrates this concept repeatedly using a creative number of permutations.
By Orson Scott Card