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51 pages 1 hour read

Rodman Philbrick

Wildfire

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2019

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Character Analysis

Sam Castine

Content Warning: This section contains graphic descriptions of the death of a parent and descriptions of prescription drug addiction.

Sam Castine is the 12-year-old protagonist and narrator of Wildfire. At the beginning of the story, Sam is spending his summer at Camp Wabanaski, a camp in the Maine woods. Usually, he lives with his mother in Wells, Maine, which is “out in the woods by the sandpits,” far from the touristy areas of the state (26). Sam is a remarkably resourceful boy who manages to use his skills to survive a deadly wildfire. He is a dynamic character who learns to rely on himself and his friends, finding his courage as the story progresses.

Sam’s survival skills are much better than those of most American 12-year-old children, even though he berates himself for getting lost in the woods in the first place. His biggest mistake in the novel is also his first: He goes back to get his phone instead of getting on the bus and evacuating from the camp. After that mistake, he generally makes the best decisions he can with the information available to him. He remembers his father’s advice to create a plan and then stick to it instead of panicking or giving up. Sam demonstrates a strong capacity for self-control, managing to walk for several hours despite severe dehydration and exhaustion. Sam knows that napping in the woods during a fire could kill him. He is clever and resourceful, figuring out how to drive a standard-ignition Jeep on a bumpy logging road without ever being taught how to drive.

Although his determination and survival skills mark Sam as a capable, level-headed character, he also has many personal difficulties that make life harder. He is still grieving his father, even believing that his father’s death was fundamentally his fault. His biggest fear is losing his mother to a prescription drug overdose, and he is at summer camp to avoid being placed in foster care during her substance abuse rehabilitation program. Sam’s personal life has not been easy, and he carries a lot of pain, even when he is not fighting to survive a fire.

As the only child of a single mother, Sam is a very lonely character. He misses his father and feels envious of Delphy’s large family. A few days into their journey together, Sam starts to think of Delphy as a big sister. He never voices this thought, but Delphy clearly feels the same way, as she starts referring to him as her little brother on the fifth day of the story. Sam has spent much of his short life feeling very alone and responsible for the people around him. His connection with Delphy helps him see that he does not have to do everything by himself; he and Delphy can help each other survive using their complementary skills.

Delphy Pappas

Delphy is a major character in Wildfire, second only to Sam. She is a tall, physically strong 14-year-old girl. Like Sam, she is spending the summer at a camp in Maine. Her camp, called Calusa, is a girls’ fitness camp. Although Delphy is there to get better at volleyball and track, many of the girls who attend are trying to lose weight. Delphy is not overweight, but she is very insecure about her body. She is unusually tall for her age, and her worst fear is that she will “never stop growing” (140). Her height and strength may make her uncomfortable, but they are major assets in her fight to survive the fire. Even though her ankle is injured, she can move faster and lift heavier objects than Sam.

In some ways, Delphy and Sam are opposites. Delphy comes from a big family. She has two parents, younger twin sisters, and an extended network of aunts, uncles, and cousins who all live in the same area. In fact, they all work at the family’s Greek restaurant. Delphy certainly has problems in her own life, but she has the kind of familial stability and permanent community that Sam lacks but needs. Because she does not need to worry about some of the big problems that plague Sam—like grief, drug overdoses, and foster care—Delphy’s main sources of conflict in her personal life are her height and her romantic prospects. Those problems become less significant once she has to focus on surviving the fire.

Like Sam, Delphy is very resourceful and determined. While Sam has figured out how to drive the Jeep, it is Delphy who knows how to use a lever to push the Jeep off the tree and get it back on the logging road. She also remembers how to build an inclined plane after watching a program on the History Channel about how the Egyptian pyramids were constructed. She is more hot-headed than Sam is, often getting frustrated when things do not work out. Sam is more prepared to accept the problems that befall him, but Delphy responds to a lightning storm by “shaking her fist at the sky and screaming” (117). Delphy’s aggression saves Sam more than once, particularly when she knocks both of the bikers off their bikes. Likewise, Sam’s caution keeps Delphy from doing anything too reckless, like driving in the dark. The two characters, while foils in many ways, balance each other out, thus creating an ideal team for both survival and companionship.

Sam’s Parents

Although neither of Sam’s parents appear directly in the narrative, they both have a major impact on his actions. Sam’s mother represents all of his hopes for the future. She is currently in substance abuse rehabilitation for prescription drug addiction, and she really wants to recover. Sam is very understanding of her situation. He acknowledges that, for her, recovery feels like “the hardest thing in the world” (141). Sam loves his mother, and getting to a phone so that he can tell her he is safe and alive is one of his most powerful motivators in Wildfire. Retrieving his phone is, in fact, the mistake he makes that causes him to get trapped in the fire in the first place. At the end of the book, both Sam and his mother take the steps that they need to survive. Sam escapes the fire, which inspires his mother to complete her substance abuse rehabilitation program.

Sam’s father died three years before the events of Wildfire. He was a trucker who took a job as a civilian truck driver for the US Army in Afghanistan. A Hummer crashed into the oil rig he was driving, causing it to tip upside down. Gasoline filled the cab, which then exploded, killing Sam’s father in 30 seconds or less. Sam feels partially responsible for his father’s death and still has a strong sense that he must live up to his father’s expectations of him. It was his dad who taught him many of the survival skills that keep him alive during the fire. Despite Sam’s extraordinary resourcefulness, he still thinks his father would be disappointed in him, not proud, because he “thought letting yourself get lost in the woods was really lame” (91).

Phat Freddy Bell

Freddy Bell, known professionally as Phat Freddy Bell, is a radio broadcaster at a small station in rural Maine. His radio station is called WRPZ, 98.6 FM. He broadcasts from atop the “lowest official mountain in the great state of Maine” (7). For most of Sam and Delphy’s journey, Phat Freddy’s broadcasts are the only source of external information available to them on the emergency radio that they find in the cabin. From him, they learn about the severity of the fire and the unlikelihood of rescue. As the fire gets worse, they learn that Phat Freddy has siphoned the gas from his own car to power his generator in order to keep broadcasting, even though this puts him in mortal danger as the fire approaches.

Phat Freddy is the first and only friendly face that Sam and Delphy see on their journey. Rescuing him is the key to survival, reinforcing the theme of The Essentiality of Friendship and Connection. By relying on each other, the three of them make it to a safe point in the middle of the lake. Freddy is a source of expertise on the region, which is knowledge that Sam and Delphy lack. His directions give Sam the final piece of information he needs to get the three of them to safety. He is a minor character in that he only appears at the very end of the story, but his presence through his radio broadcast is notable throughout the book, as it serves as the only connection to the outside world.

The Bikers

The two bikers, Charles and James Binney, are the human antagonists of Wildfire. They are arsonists who deliberately set camps and holiday homes on fire before driving away on dirt bikes. They are “young guys with long faces and blond beards” and “[t]attoos on their arms,” and they are clearly brothers (78). They are motivated to start the fires because they do not like people from outside Maine buying property in the woods, as they raise property prices for locals. Their political motivation is fundamentally xenophobic, or showing dislike of outsiders. Their motivation and mode of protest recall real-life acts of ecoterrorism, or the deliberate “destruction, or the threat of destruction, of the environment by states, groups, or individuals in order to intimidate or to coerce governments or civilians” (Elliott, Lorraine. “ecoterrorism.” Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2023). Groups and individuals who commit acts of ecological or environmental terror often believe their actions are justified, even necessary, to achieve their goals. This is true of the Binney brothers: If they cannot keep Maine for only those born there, then they are prepared to use violence to destroy it.

The bikers’ actions are paradoxical. They want to preserve Maine and prevent it from changing when people from other states spend time there, but they “preserve” it through reckless destruction. They believe that only people born in Maine should live there, but they are themselves white and living on Indigenous American lands, and would benefit from a more open perspective to change. Sam and Delphy understand just from looking at the men (within the context of their reckless behavior) that they cannot reason with them; they must avoid them at all costs. At the end of the story, the brothers’ “hatred of outsiders land[s] them in jail” (177). There is little nuance to these characters: Their actions are unequivocally dangerous and motivated by anger.

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