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63 pages 2 hours read

Nathan Hill

Wellness

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Parts 8-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 8: “Origin Stories” - Part 10: “The Placebo Marriage”

Part 8, Chapter 22 Summary

The narrative flashes back to Jack’s youth.

It is 1984 and Jack’s father is away, getting ready for burn season. Jack plays Dungeons and Dragons alone in his room while his mother watches TV in bed. Jack wants to play outside, but she tells him he must clean his room because his older sister Evelyn is coming for a visit that night. Evelyn spends most of her time in various artists’ colonies across the country, and Jack is always happy when she visits. When Evelyn is not there, Jack’s mother criticizes him constantly and frequently pities herself.

That evening, Evelyn arrives with Jack’s father, who returns because it is too windy for burning. Evelyn gifts Jack several prints, promising to help him hang them on his bedroom wall the next day. Among them is Grant Wood’s “American Gothic,” a painting that Evelyn likes because the farmer reminds her of their father. She has spent the year in Chicago, and the thought of the Art Institute excites Jack.

Part 8, Chapter 23 Summary

Jack attends Chicago’s Art Institute because of Evelyn, but quickly finds that he does not fit in. It seems all of the other students know immediately what to expect of college and are more well-traveled and experienced than Jack. He worries that his Polaroids of bent trees in Kansas will be deemed inartistic.

One day, Benjamin shows Jack the internet, explaining how hypertext works and guiding him through Benjamin’s master’s thesis. Benjamin also shows Jack how to access pornography online, which Jack looks at each night in the photography computer lab. Before long, Jack encounters a few problems: The computer cannot download the images quickly enough, plus, he wants to take them back to his apartment. He decides to take photographs of the images on the screen. When the photography professor discovers pornography in the machines’ caches, he confronts Jack. Jack pretends his photos are art and the professor declares them genius.

Part 8, Chapter 24 Summary

The novel returns to the present.

Jack and Elizabeth meet Kyle and Kate at a cocktail bar. Kate asks how the two met, and then Kate tells them of meeting Kyle at an orgy. Jack is taken aback, but Kate and Kyle explain their open marriage and encourage Jack and Elizabeth to join them at a future sex party. Jack declines, wondering what Elizabeth’s thoughts on Kate and Kyle truly are.

As they leave, a waiter criticizes Jack for calling the neighborhood abandoned in the 1990s. Jack is confused. Elizabeth is angry that Jack took so long to decide on a drink, telling him no one would have cared what he ordered and accusing him of falsely believing people are focused on him. They go to bed separately.

Part 8, Chapter 25 Summary

The novel flashes back to Jack’s childhood.

Jack sits in a high school classroom where the students—all remedial readers—attempt to read aloud. Jack and several other boys do not pay attention to the reading, but instead carve away at the palms of their hands with erasers. One of the boys has issued a challenge: Use the eraser to create a wound, and then to pour salt into the wound at lunch time. Soon, the teacher asks Jack to open the window, due to the heat of the room. The window stuck; Jack is unable to open it, but the girl who has been reading aloud—Daphne—steps in and opens it successfully. Jack fears he will be beaten up as a result of this.

Part 8, Chapter 26 Summary

The novel returns to the present.

The morning after the night out with Kate and Kyle, Jack and Toby go to the farmer’s market, as is their Saturday routine. They run into Benjamin, who tells Jack that the condo project is back on. Jack, thinking over Kyle’s criticism of him the night before, asks Benjamin if he is too vanilla. Benjamin agrees that Jack is fairly mainstream and launches into a diatribe about how misguided their anti-corporate mindset was during college.

At home, Jack and Toby make Elizabeth’s favorite breakfast of banana pancakes. Afterward, Elizabeth, expecting Jack has an ulterior motive for the breakfast, apologizes for exploding angrily at him the night before. They discuss Kate and Kyle. Elizabeth wants them to try new things together, to have new adventures. At the end of their discussion, Jack agrees to attend one of Kyle and Kate’s parties, in the interest of trying something new.

Part 9, Chapter 27 Summary

When she started working at Wellness, Elizabeth proposed to Dr. Sanborne that the company, instead of repeatedly proving that the placebo effect is indeed real, could shift direction to take advantage of the placebo effect by selling placebos. Dr. Sanborne found the idea interesting but worried about the ethics. When he retired and Elizabeth took over Wellness, she announced to the staff that they would be pivoting the company’s direction. She administered the first dose of the company’s “love potion”—in the form of a nasal spray—to a woman working in IT who loved her husband but lost desire for him. The woman insisted that the spray worked.

Now, Elizabeth thinks about how this manufactured closeness is the opposite of the solution that Kate and Kyle endorse.

Part 9, Chapter 28 Summary

Over the phone, Kate explains the dos and don’ts of the sex club. Jack and Elizabeth, upon arrival, complete forms and pay the fee for a 12-hour pass. The woman checking them in explains that the “gathering” skirts laws by calling itself a private club requiring membership.

Once inside, Jack and Elizabeth take a seat at a booth and survey the room. A few people are dancing in skimpy clothes. Elizabeth feels overdressed. When Kate and Kyle arrive, Kate takes Jack to the bar and Kyle sits with Elizabeth. Jack is anxious about not staring at the people in the room; and Elizabeth admits to Kyle that she is tense. Kyle asks what first attracted her to Jack, as Kate asks Jack the same question about Elizabeth. Both conversations flow easily. Elizabeth enjoys that Kyle is a skilled listener. Kate asks Jack to divulge his fetishes and Jack insists he has none. As Jack and Elizabeth reveal more, Kate and Kyle come to the same conclusion about Jack and Elizabeth’s marriage: Both are looking for “antidotes to whatever problem they had in a previous relationship […] but in doing so [have] end[ed] up, paradoxically in [a] relationship that [has] exactly those same problems” (397).

The four come back together, and then Kate and Kyle head to the buffet. Elizabeth steps outside for some air, but is confronted by protestors, including Brandie and the rest of the Community Corps.

Part 10, Chapter 29 Summary

When Jack was a teenager, he did not like what most other teens in Kansas liked. In college, he discovered that this kind of anti-establishment rejection of tradition was valued. He wrote paper after paper about the merits of hypertext. He got a tattoo that conveyed his life’s philosophy about multiple meanings, insisting he would never regret the tattoo because this philosophy would always be central to his identity.

But now, as a father and husband, Jack has changed. The things he rejected in the past now give him small bursts of pleasure. He regrets the tattoo, which is the ultimate sign that he has transformed. He is saddened by the thoughts that he will probably change again in the future and that both Elizabeth and Toby have changed.

Part 10, Chapter 30 Summary

Brandie distances herself from Elizabeth. In response, Elizabeth grows obsessed with cleaning the house, as if she is making up for some deficiency. One Saturday, it is Elizabeth’s turn to oversee the board game session Toby has weekly with five other boys at a bookstore. They arrive a bit late, and Elizabeth, tired and frenzied, oversees the boys’ purchase lunch and then set up the game.

She sits down with a book but is distracted by a comment that a man in line behind her made. He was annoyed with how long she and the group of boys were taking to order food. She decides to confront the man, but he is no longer in the bookstore.

Instead, she runs in to Brandie, who implies that she does not trust Elizabeth around children anymore. Brandie does, however, thank her for the “love potion” pills and says they are still working well. Brandie can no longer have Elizabeth in her life anymore, but fortunately Elizabeth has served her purpose. Outraged, Elizabeth tells Brandie that the pills are a placebo, then criticizes Brandie’s “no negative thoughts” approach to life. As they argue, Elizabeth realizes that she has been living her life like the delayed gratification marshmallow experiment, always presuming that she will obtain happiness and fulfillment in some distant future.

Part 10, Chapter 31 Summary

Community Corps renews its attack on the condo building. Elizabeth and Jack meet Benjamin at their unit, where construction has abruptly stopped. Benjamin proposes ways to appease the protestors.

Later, Elizabeth tells Jack that Brandie is fueling the protest and that it is directed at Elizabeth personally. Jack and Elizabeth fight; the fight escalates until an alert on Jack’s phone interrupts their yelling. Toby enters and announces to his parents that they have just “gone viral” (433).

Parts 8-10 Analysis

This section discusses Jack’s interest in art, his sister’s influence, and considers how artistic tastes and philosophies change. Jack’s artistic sensibility is primarily centered on authenticity. His best work is capturing a real quirk of nature (tree bending because of the wind) on a medium that does not usually lend itself to being doctored (Polaroid photographs develop in minutes and typically suggest immediacy and the capture of fact). In the previous section, we see Jack avoiding the famous painting “American Gothic,” often seen as an authentic representation of the Midwestern farmer community. However, neither of the painting’s subjects are farmers—Grant Wood posed his artist sister and dentist as the seemingly stoic couple. Instead, Jack prefers the lesser-known painting “The Prairie on Fire” because it is a truer representation of the controlled burns that large-scale farms use. Here, Jack’s distaste gets additional meaning as readers learn that Evelyn introduced Jack to Wood’s painting. While Evelyn wants to see their father in the image of the farmer, Jack sees little resemblance—to him, it is an inauthentic attempt at documenting reality. Jack’s father and Evelyn are so close that she elevates him into this idealized image of America’s breadbasket. Their closeness makes Jack feel all the more rejected by his father, which is why the painting that speaks more to him is the destruction of the landscape that his father actively engaged in. Meanwhile, Jack’s mother is frustrated by the symbolism and significance Evelyn finds in the prairie landscape—a sight Jack also grows to find beautiful and worth capturing.

Jack’s quest for artistic authenticity is strained when he starts art school. Buoyed by Evelyn’s love and support, he hopes to find at the Art Institute of Chicago the belonging and community she experienced there. However, while his bent trees receive little acclaim, what does capture his art teacher’s attention and garner praise is not even intended as art: The triply mediated images of pornography that Jack hopes to look at in private for sex reasons. The humor of the pornography scene works on several levels. First, there is the comedy of Jack’s quick thinking to avoid being shamed for looking for pictures of sex on the public computer. Then, there is the more subtle satire about what constitutes art and how the art world evaluates what to elevate and what to dismiss. The photos Jack’s teacher praises are completely removed from reality: Their subjects are actors who do not actually feel desire for one another; the poses they depict are staged by directors, photographers, makeup artists, and lighting crews; the images themselves have been posted online and appear in semi-pixilated form on a screen; and finally, what Jack produces are photos of photos. Rather than wanting art to represent nature and life, Jack’s art teacher is interested in what he thinks is art about commerce and artificiality—the art of Technology’s Impact on Society.

The novel is also interested in the valorization of deliberately defying social norms and the opprobrium of being seen as ordinary. Jack’s insecurities are paradoxical. As a teenager, he was desperate to fit in with his peers, despite having nothing in common with their masculine-driven identity. Later, in art school, he got his wish to belong, finding a group of likeminded friends who valued iconoclasm—though their version of being outsiders was identical and its own kind of homogeneity. As an adult, he still feels pulled in both directions. He is filled with anxiety by Kyle’s description of him as vanilla, but hates standing out from the mainstream. His tattoo represents this back and forth: Meant to document adherence to a philosophy that Jack was certain would never change, it now is a sad reminder of the ways he has transformed into a different person.

The night at the sex club is a study in manipulation. Kate and Kyle, who have already determined that neither Jack nor Elizabeth is right for open marriage, pretend to want to hear about their relationship while intentionally leading them to a potential reconciliation. Kyle offers insights that Elizabeth finds interesting, while Kate gives Jack the listening ear he often doesn’t get from his wife. While the gambit doesn’t work—Jack and Elizabeth do not reconcile—this behind-the-scenes work parallels Elizabeth’s placebo research, whose subjects are also unaware of the experimenter’s true intent. Kate and Kyle’s actions foreshadow the “love at first sight” experiments Elizabeth conducted in college for Dr. Sanborne, which will be detailed later in the novel.

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