39 pages • 1 hour read
Barbara KingsolverA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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The condition of Willa’s house has deteriorated to the point that she and Iano are sleeping on a mattress on the living room floor, and the family has to use a camping stove to cook after a gas main leaked. The house’s heat is also gas-based, and so the family relies on a space heater in one room to stay warm. Chris calls Willa and tells her that her house isn’t the one that Mary once lived in, but that he believes she lives in the Greenwoods’ house. Chris has also received copies of many of Mary’s letters from an archive, and Willa is eager to read them. Thatcher comes up during their conversation, and Chris alludes to Thatcher’s having been involved in a murder some time after the controversy over his teaching. (This refers to Thatcher testifying on Carruth’s behalf during Landis’s trial, which takes place in Chapter 16.)
In low spirits, the family celebrates Christmas together. Zeke has been spending more and more time in Boston and wants Willa and Iano to have more of a guardian role with Dusty. He discusses the legal details with Willa. One night while she watches over Nick, who has come home from the hospital but is a shell of his former self, Willa hears some of what Tig went through when she spent several years in Cuba. Tig had a married lover whose vibrant family embraced her, and she was enthralled with Cuban scenery and culture. Willa listens with maternal concern and interest while Tig describes her experiences, which she feels reflect badly on her parenting and Tig’s biological family.
Thatcher participates with his school’s principal in a public forum moderated by Landis, debating the matter of Darwin’s evolutionary theories. The principal attempts to use literal Biblical interpretation to explain scientific theories such as genetics and the geographic distribution of various plant and animal species. Thatcher attempts to present science in a clear, non-threatening way, but his principal and Landis turn the audience against him. Thatcher is left with only three allies: Polly, Mary, and Carruth.
Rose, fearing that Thatcher’s performance will be an embarrassing spectacle that will reflect badly on her, invites some new friends on a day trip out of town during the debate to keep them from attending.
Willa and Iano go hiking in the Pine Barrens, where Willa has made frequent trips after continuing her research on Mary and learning of her work there. As they drive home, they observe the effects of Hurricane Sandy, which hit the area in 2012. The storm forced many businesses and farms to close after it damaged property and infrastructure. Iano tells Willa that he has been offered another year’s contract at the university and that his boss thinks Iano will be able to work there for the foreseeable future. Willa ponders the idea of the family settling more permanently in New Jersey. Thatcher is a person of historical prominence, and so she has begun to apply for assistance in preserving her house—since he used to live there, there are grants that she could receive to help pay for repairs.
Nick is dying, but in one last burst of consciousness, he asks to go to the cemetery and pick out a grave site for himself. While she and Tig take him there, Willa gets into a fight with Nick in spite of her best intentions.
A bystander interrupts a faculty meeting at Thatcher’s school to tell the teachers that Landis has just shot somebody on the street outside. Thatcher goes to investigate, arriving too late to see who the shooting victim is. He runs into Mary’s maid, who tells him that Landis shot Carruth in the back of the head after Carruth published an unflattering piece that implicated Landis’s wife, although no one was named in the piece.
Thatcher’s family discusses the news amid their crumbling house—several rooms have had the ceilings fall in, including the dining room. In the aftermath of the shooting, only Landis’s paper has printed an account of the shooting, and rumors are flying about Carruth’s condition. It seems, however, that he is still alive. Landis was briefly jailed and got out on bail, and the specific charges that will be brought against him depend on whether Carruth lives or dies.
Thatcher tracks down Carruth’s house and finds his friend alive but in an unresponsive coma. Mrs. Carruth tells him that the bullet is still in Carruth’s head, and Thatcher believes it’s putting pressure on his brain. He offers to get a doctor to take the bullet out, but Mrs. Carruth says that the town’s doctors are all in league with Landis and refuse to see her husband.
In this section of the book, Kingsolver explores the dark side of Landis’s hold on 19th-century Vineland. Because Landis is obeyed and believed unquestioningly, the account of the shooting he circulates is the only accepted version of events. Landis portrays Carruth as an agitator whose values threaten the utopian peace he believes his town should have. Feeling personally attacked by Carruth’s newspaper article, Landis literally attacks back, severely wounding Carruth and sending him into a coma. Kingsolver draws a parallel between Landis’s quest for supremacy in Vineland and the political candidate Nick listens to on the radio in Chapter 5, who also feels threatened by progressive values. Willa listens with horror as the candidate (who is not named but bears some resemblance to Donald Trump as he was running for president in 2016) disparages the changing nature of American identity: “we’re going to make this dream wake up for us, not the criminals and illegals that are taking over America right now’” (118). In this section of the book, Landis proclaims a similarly belligerent view toward newcomers and those of different backgrounds than his own:
The evil we must watch for […] is not a beast in the river. It comes on two legs, infiltrating our towns. Bringing riot and drink, broadcasting false complaints against our order, craving the wealth that belongs to other men. Grasping it! They push themselves ahead of those who have dutifully followed the law! Some will name this the progress of our times […] We seal our town against the enemies of gracious authority. We do as our hearts tell us, and slam the portals (341).
Kingsolver’s use of these two characters and their xenophobic views emphasizes the similarities between Thatcher’s era and Willa’s and reinforces the idea that they are both trying to do battle against these views in their own ways. Thatcher is forced to take a public stance in favor of Charles Darwin’s theories, while Willa takes a more private route as she combats Nick’s views and some of Zeke and Iano’s economic theories. Kingsolver uses these elements in the narrative to strengthen the ties between Thatcher and Willa.
By Barbara Kingsolver