47 pages • 1 hour read
Iain BanksA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
For reasons that are not clear, Frank now considers birds to be his allies. Previously, he tormented them with games. He often tied two birds of different sizes and species together and watched them fight. He thought the game was “symbolic somehow, and with a nice blend of callousness and irony” (110). On the way to town, a bird defecates on Gravel. Frank meets Jamie at Cauldhame Arms to talk about why Eric hasn’t been caught. Frank thinks Eric’s behavior with the dogs and maggots was his way of feigning mental instability. He thinks that he and his father are merely eccentric.
Frank notices that Jamie is going bald at 23 as he finishes a game of Space Invaders. They discuss political leaders and decide that politicians have the most mentally erratic behavior, although Frank questions if they actually might be the only sane people. The fact that politicians get people to do what they say might mean they have more clarity about human nature. Jamie compares humans to the Space Invaders and Frank laughs.
At home, Frank watches his father sleep. He enjoys the sensation of seeing someone who can’t see him. Then he goes to the loft to check on the Factory. He cleans the loft and decides to capture a fresh wasp that afternoon. He needs to question the Factory before Eric returns. He catches a wasp and builds a small dam, which he then detonates and watches as it destroys a village. He sees the wreckage of the bomb, revealed by the flood. Frank compares all of life to symbols and explains the Wasp Factory’s role in his pattern. The Factory is not concerned with the past. After consulting the Factory the next day, he plans on using Saul’s skull to communicate with Eric.
Frank takes the jar to the loft. He checks the “Time, Tide and Distance Tables” (119) and makes an entry. He puts the jar on the altar with the snake skull, part of the bomb that killed Paul, a strip of the kite that killed Esmerelda, and several of Saul’s teeth. Frank holds his groin and recites a catechism, a litany of phrases that only he understands: “They contained my confessions, my dreams and hopes, my fears and hates, and they still make me shiver when I say them, automatic or not. One tape recorder in the vicinity and the horrible truth about my three murders would be known” (120).
He lets the wasp into the Factory, which spans several square meters around a large clock face that Frank found in the dump during the Year of the Skull. The clock face was made one hundred years before his birth, which he believes must be significant.
Once they enter the Factory, the wasps wander on the clock face until they reach the edge. Then they have to choose one of twelve pathways, each leading to a numeral. Doors close behind them as they go. Each of the twelve paths leads to a different death, including forms of being melted, smashed, and more. Death by fire is always at 12, and Frank has never rotated it for an alternate death, because fire represents Paul’s death. The wasp goes to 12, burns, and dies. Frank removes its body, puts it in a matchbox, and lays it on the altar. He looks at the photos of people he has killed and at a box containing some of Eric’s teeth and his father’s hair.
On the way to the Bunker, Frank is concerned. The Factory has now mentioned Fire twice. Kneeling at Saul’s skull, as he thinks of how Eric used to be, a vision of fire knocks him backwards. He recovers and then quickly burns Eric’s photo and notices that his hand is slightly burned as well. When he touched Eric’s mind—which is what he means by the vision of fire knocking him off balance—he thinks it burned him because of Eric’s strength.
Frank’s father goes into town after they eat dinner. Frank tries to open the study after he leaves, but it is secure. He wakes to the telephone later when Jamie calls to ask if there is any news about Eric. Jamie is nervous that Eric will do frightening things again if he comes back.
Eric calls shortly afterwards. He is furious that Frank thought he might be Jamie calling again and says Jamie’s dwarfism could be his own fault. Eric says Jamie might be an alien. Then he tells Frank says he’s nearly home and apologizes when Frank yells at him to stop playing games. Eric says he’s in a house somewhere nearby. Frank interrupts him and asks if he felt anything unusual that morning, hoping that Eric had a similar experience to him when he had the vision of fire. Eric says no and the line goes dead. Frank tries to watch TV but can’t focus. He goes outside and throws rocks into the sea.
In the morning, Frank goes to Jamie’s house, and then to the hills on the outskirts of town, where he eats his lunch. Sometimes he thinks it is a useful relief to leave the island, although he never feels any need to leave for good. Eric’s experience cured him of that. Eric was gone before Frank was born, and only came back on holidays. Frank remembers that Eric had migraines that lasted for days. Eric had decided to become a doctor. Each summer when he returned, Frank felt a greater distance between them: “He was an adult helping me to enjoy myself, not another boy sharing his own joy” (138).
During his second year of school, Eric was in love with a girl. They broke up when she left him for another man. Eric’s migraines worsened as he worked in a ward with underdeveloped babies who could not survive without assistance. While feeding a baby boy whose forehead was covered with a metal plate because the skull had not developed, he thought he saw movement in the boy’s forehead. An orderly heard Eric screaming and found him in the corner. The baby’s chair was tipped over and the baby was still smiling. Eric had seen flies that had laid eggs beneath the baby’s helmet and, in shock, had used the spoon to scatter the maggots. Eric deteriorates over the following weeks. He drinks and lights his textbooks on fire before taking an indefinite leave. When he returns to the island, he ignores Frank.
Eric starts throwing worms at small boys, then stuffing them down their shirts. Diggs and a doctor visited their father when Eric tried to get boys to eat maggots. Dogs had been disappearing before a group of children saw Eric lighting one on fire. Those children’s parents found Eric with another dog shortly afterwards. They chased him, but Eric escaped. He had returned home after three more dogs and five more days. He was caught two weeks later and submitted to psychiatric tests. He assaulted nearly everyone who came near him and was committed to increasingly harsh institutions.
Frank surveys the island with binoculars, focusing on flocks of grazing sheep. He thinks about how much he hates sheep, and what they represent: the superiority of humans.
Eric’s trajectory from promising medical student to the island’s boogeyman is abrupt and horrific. There is a disturbing dichotomy between the two brothers. Frank is nonplussed by death, but Eric seems undone by it. Frank causes the death of three children—Blyth, Paul, and Esmerelda—and does not feel guilt or horror at the murders he commits. However, Eric, despite his exposure to sickness and death as a medical resident, falls apart from the incident with the baby boy. The event functions at the level of cosmic horror, presenting him with a reality so abhorrent and unthinkable that it shatters his psyche. Frank thinks:
Maybe some deep part of him, buried under layers of time and growth like the Roman remains of a modern city, still believed in God, and could not suffer the realization that, if such an unlikely being did exist, it could suffer that to happen to any of the creatures it had supposedly fashioned in its own image (147).
Eric then moves from being a mere witness to suffering to a person who actively causes fear and suffering in others. There were maggots in the baby’s head, so Eric uses worms to bully and terrify local children. It is unclear why he turns his attention to dogs, but his pursuit of dogs is what leads to his capture. His assaults on various hospital staff members, combined with his need to scare children and burn dogs, all arise from a need for revenge against the bitter reality of how much suffering exists in the world. However, unlike Frank whose violence is focused mainly on women and children, Eric’s enemy is the entire world, including its creator.
Frank’s belief in omens and orderly patterns influences how he interprets all events, including what happened to Eric. Frank reflects on fate:
All our lives are symbols. Everything we do is part of a pattern we have at least some say in. The strong make their own patterns and influence other people’s, the weak have their courses mapped out for them. The weak and the unlucky, and the stupid (117).
This viewpoint is substantiated in the Wasp Factory, which Frank finally explains in these chapters. He views himself as a strong person that influences the lives of others, not a weak being—like a sheep or a wasp—that has its course selected for it.
Frank’s scene at the altar is his attempt to maintain control of his destiny, by protecting himself and the island. It also illuminates the grotesque, grimy nature of his rituals, while simultaneously revealing that Frank is capable of anxiety and discomfort. As he recites his litany while holding his wounded ground, he thinks, “It can be unsettling to hear yourself described as you have thought of yourself in your most honest and abject moods, just as it is humbling to hear what you have thought about in your most hopeful and unrealistic moments” (120). He believes that he knows himself wholly because he only shows his vulnerabilities to himself. However, this foreshadows the coming secret in the study: Frank’s father knows something essential about Frank that his son does not yet suspect.
As the final act begins, the sources of the greatest narrative tension are the secret in the study and Eric’s imminent return.