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65 pages 2 hours read

Kathi Appelt

The Underneath

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2008

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Chapters 51-75Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 51 Summary

In their hut with the Caddo, Hawk Man and Night Song have a baby girl, whom they adore. Hawk Man’s daughter grabs his finger and touches his chin; he’s overwhelmed with love and devotion.

Chapter 52 Summary

Night Song makes pottery containers and jars, including jars for the dead featuring a hummingbird on the side; hummingbirds are the messengers between the world of the living and the world of the dead, as the Caddo know.

The jar that contains grandmother doesn’t have a hummingbird etched on the side.

Chapter 53 Summary

Sabine dreams of leaving the Underneath, but she won’t leave Ranger alone.

Chapter 54 Summary

Gar Face poles on the Bayou Tartine, looking for the 100-foot alligator. A good shot and an effective hunter, Gar Face finds alligators a challenge, unlike the other animals, which are easy for him to hunt and kill. However, alligators fetch the best price of the skins that Gar Face sells.

He wants to make the men at the pub, who sneer at his deformed face, feel greed and jealousy when he brings in the hide of the 100-foot alligator. He senses the creature lurking beyond his sight. Unseen by Gar Face, a hummingbird hovers near his lantern.

Chapter 55 Summary

Puck is hungry, but he’s fearful of leaving the safety of the tree den; he remembers what happened when he left the safety of the Underneath. He hisses with anger; this gets rid of his hiccups. He musters his courage and steps out into the sunlight. Puck looks to the other side of the creek, knowing that Ranger and Sabine are somewhere beyond. He remembers his promise to go back to them.

Below, Grandmother reflects on promises, and how there’s always a price.

Chapter 56 Summary

Ten years after Night Song left, Grandmother Moccasin decided to lure her back in serpent shape. The Alligator King implores Grandmother to tell Night Song that if she returns to her serpent shape, she won’t be able to return to her human shape; Grandmother promises to tell her, but the Alligator King knows that she’s lying, as do the trees.

Chapter 57 Summary

Puck manages to catch and eat a pair of crickets. While he’s hunting a huge bird almost takes him. He screams at it and runs back to his den. At the entrance is a dead mouse. Puck figures that his cry must have spooked the bird and made it drop the mouse. He practices pouncing on it even though he’s sure that it’s dead. As he eats the mouse, he thinks of his sister and hopes that she’s hunting successfully for herself and Ranger.

A copper-winged bird watches and then flies away.

Chapter 58 Summary

Hawk Man and Night Song’s daughter turns 10. She glimmers when the sun touches her; it’s a sign of her heritage. Night Song makes her a beautiful clay jar, decorated with crescent moons. Hawk Man helps Night Song fire the jar, and then Night Song carves a pattern with a shell on the jar’s base. She’s surprised to find that she has drawn Grandmother. She smiles as she thinks of her mother and their time together.

Meanwhile, Grandmother is on the move.

Chapter 59 Summary

Puck manages to scare away a recon and a peccary with his threatening screech. He hunts lizards and mice. As he looks across the creek, wondering how to cross it, he sees a hummingbird floating on the other side.

Chapter 60 Summary

The trees love Night Song’s lullabies best of all the sounds of the forest. Night Song looks at the jar, engraved with Grandmother’s image, and realizes that she misses her and longs to see her.

One thousand years later, Puck reflects on how much he misses his mother, Sabine, and Ranger.

Chapter 61 Summary

Ranger licks the sleeping Sabine on the head. He goes into the yard, straining at the end of his chain, and thinks of the bobcat he let escape while hunting with Gar Face. Ranger had understood, when the bobcat met his gaze, that the bobcat had kittens. This caused Ranger to stop baying and shift his position, allowing the bobcat to escape. As a result, Gar Face shot Ranger.

Ranger thinks of the calico mother cat and of Puck. The trees watch Ranger and sigh.

An accompanying illustration shows a hound dog (Ranger) facing a bobcat, which bares its teeth from within long grass.

Chapter 62 Summary

Gar Face was initially happy with the dog he stole from a farm nearby but felt betrayed when Ranger stepped between Gar Face’s rifle and the bobcat. Gar Face chained Ranger up as a reminder to himself to never trust a living soul.

Chapter 63 Summary

Night Song presents her daughter with the jar, and her daughter loves the jar. She looks at the pattern of the snake and asks her mother where Grandmother Moccasin is (she has heard her mother talk about Grandmother and her stories). Night Song describes the place in the bayou where Grandmother lives. Night Song feels a rush of gratitude for her mother, for all that she taught her, and for their good times together. She whispers thanks, and the whole world shimmers.

Chapter 64 Summary

Grandmother approaches the Caddo village. Angrily, she sees Hawk Man and remembers how he stole Night Song from her. Then, she recognizes Night Song in human form and sees her holding her daughter; Grandmother is amazed to see the girl, who shimmers a myriad of colors in the sun.

Grandmother realizes that she must tempt Night Song away from Hawk Man and her daughter. She remembers the Alligator King’s warning to explain to Night Song the consequences of taking her serpent form again, but Grandmother dismisses the advice; she wants her daughter back.

Chapter 65 Summary

Puck develops a daily pattern of hunting and napping throughout the day and sleeping in the den at night. One night, a shining light awakens him; he’s confused. It’s the moon. Puck has never seen it before because he has always been asleep in the Underneath.

He comes out to stand in the moonlight. Across the creek, he sees a family of possums; their mother cleans the babies. Puck reflects that he needs his family.

Sabine emerges from the Underneath to look at the moon. She thinks of Puck.

Chapter 66 Summary

Grandmother fails to recognize the feeling that she feels, while looking at her daughter and granddaughter, as love; her hatred has blinded her to love. She feels only hunger for her daughter.

That night, Grandmother hums an ancient song. It draws all the snakes near. Night Song hears it and emerges. Grandmother begins singing; it’s a magical song that pulls Night Song towards her. Night Song is aware of the trees seeming to say beware—and of the other snakes whispering that there’s a price—but the song continues to lure her in. Night Song remembers all the years she spent with her beloved mother. She steps into the water.

Chapter 67 Summary

Puck occasionally sees the hummingbird. The trees warn Puck of the Bayou Tartine and the Petite Tartine; the land between them is quicksand—and the trees don’t want him to go that way.

Puck continues to look at the other side of the creek, reflecting on his promise.

Chapter 68 Summary

The trees also warn Hawk Man, 1,000 years earlier, when he wakes up and finds that Night Song has gone. He runs from the hut, worried, looking for Night Song. Thousands of birds whir at him in the sky. He worries that she has wandered toward the quicksand; he remembers seeing a bison being sucked under.

In the water of the bayou, Night Song, in serpent form, can feel that Hawk Man is looking for her. She’s now trapped in her serpent body. She feels devastated and betrayed. Grandmother, thrilled to have her daughter back, feels no regret. She’s confident that her daughter will forget Hawk Man and their daughter.

Chapter 69 Summary

Night Song’s daughter wakes up in their empty hut. Something feels wrong. She hears the beating of a thousand wings and realizes that her father is calling for her mother. She picks up her jar and leaves the hut. She sees her mother’s footprints in the mud and follows them; they lead into the creek. She calls for her father.

Chapter 70 Summary

Hawk Man hears his daughter calling and runs to her. He holds her on the bank of the creek. He sees the footprints towards the creek, and then sees the S-shape of a snake print. He screams, “Nooooooo!!!” (174).

Chapter 71 Summary

Cats have always lived in the ancient forest. Once, there were saber-toothed tigers and then panthers, jaguars, margays, jaguarundi, ocelots, and pumas. The trees miss the cats; there are now only a few bobcats. They scratch the trees when they itch.

Sabine bravely hunts, cornering and catching rats and other animals, but she needs Puck, she needs to hear Ranger’s song again, and they need to leave the Underneath.

Chapter 72 Summary

Grandmother lives on hope in her jar. One thousand years earlier, Hawk Man is filled with the hope that Night Song will return to him, he hopes that he’s mistaken in his conclusion that she became a serpent forever more.

The girl sits by her father next to the creek. She looks at her jar, etched with Grandmother’s picture, and has an idea; she knows that Grandmother will know what happened to Night Song.

Chapter 73 Summary

Night Song’s daughter considers her jar. She decides to go to find Grandmother. She wades into the creek and floats down it, but she rides the creek too far down.

Chapter 74 Summary

As Gar Face hunts for the Alligator King, he sees the bubbles rising from the deep and knows that the creature is taunting him. He envisions the other trappers, who sneer at him in the bar, being amazed when he brings in the skin of a 100-foot alligator.

In her jar, Grandmother remembers the names she has been given. Of all of them—wife, sister, Grandmother Moccasin, and mother—mother has meant the most to her.

Chapter 75 Summary

Hawk Man realizes that Night Song must have returned to her serpent form. He considers the fact that she may not have known that she wouldn’t be able to return to her human form again. He reflects that Grandmother Moccasin should have told her that. He dreams of being a hawk again but knows that he also must be a father. He doesn’t hear his daughter slip out with her jar.

Chapters 51-75 Analysis

The Mystery and Power of the Forest continues to be a dominant theme, particularly in that these chapters further characterize the trees of the forest as ancient, wise, and morally righteous. Given that the trees keep a record of the events of the forest, their wisdom is as ancient as the forest, which is “older than old” (175). It’s older than history itself: “This forest is older than any history, it predates the dinosaurs and mastodons and the giant ferns that touched the sky with their pointed fingers” (175). Thus, the trees know that Grandmother Moccasin is lying when she promises to tell Night Song that her change to her serpent body will be permanent: “No one, not even the trees, believed her” (126). Furthermore, the trees “lowered their branches and sighed” (141) while observing Ranger tugging at his chain, yearning for the calico mother cat and Puck. These anecdotes—the trees condemning Grandmother Moccasin’s deception and mourning for Ranger—further establish that the trees are morally righteous, rather than indifferent, observers.

Grandmother Moccasin’s determination to reclaim Night Song reflects The Importance of Family as a theme: “She would do whatever she could to reclaim her daughter” (150). Unlike Ranger and the cats, who present a healthy form of family, Grandmother’s obsession and anger demonstrates a darker side of family ties. Appelt suggests that a loving parent must let their children grow up and embark on their own lives. The trees condemn Grandmother for not allowing Night Song to continue in her life with Hawk Man and their daughter; her anger blinds her to feeling acceptance and love when she sees her daughter in her human form with her husband and child: “Someone wiser than Grandmother might have recognizes this old stirring for what it was, the familiar affection that a grandmother feels for her grandchild, an affection as ancient as the trees and wind and stars” (155). These stirrings of love, however, are consumed by Grandmother’s anger about her daughter’s perceived betrayal: Because of her “hunger to have her daughter all for herself,” Grandmother no longer recognizes love, and can’t simply be “content that her daughter was well and happy” (155).

In this an important and symbolic moment, Grandmother “could have chosen love” (155) but instead chooses possessive anger, which leads to Night Song’s death in subsequent chapters. The narrative foreshadows Night Song’s death in the description of what Grandmother could have done but doesn’t do: “She could have reveled in their warmth and quietly whispered good-bye” (155). Tension builds as Grandmother rejects this path of peaceful acceptance and continues to scheme bitterly; the narrative implies that Night Song’s joyful life will be cut short inadvertently because of her mother’s twisted love.

Meanwhile, in the present featuring Ranger, Puck, and Sabine, Grandmother continues to whisper sinisterly in her loosening jar that for every promise “there was always a price” (124). Above her, Puck reflects on the promise he made to his mother. The narrative alludes to Grandmother’s sinister interference in their story, too.

Hawk Man’s involvement in the present events is evident in the copper-winged bird that drops a mouse for Puck: “A solitary bird watched [and] then it spread its coppery wings and flew away” (131). This casts doubt on Puck’s assumption that the “bird had startled and dropped the mouse” because of his “high-pitched scream” (130), hinting that Hawk Man, now in hawk form again, is assisting Puck. Once again, as in the events of 1,000 years earlier, the narrative presents Hawk Man as a morally righteous character, whereas Grandmother Moccasin’s intervention is implicitly sinister.

Despite Gar Face’s hyperbolic cruelty, which positions him as a dislikable antagonist, the narrative offers information that might garner some slight for him in these chapters. He reflects on his desire to kill the Alligator King, which would earn the respect and envy of the men at the pub. He despises the men because “in all the nights he had been there, no one had ever invited him to drink with them, inquired about his health, or asked him what his real name was” (182). Gar Face “felt their disgust in the crevices of his broken face” and wonders “what name they would give him” (183) if he caught the 100-foot alligator. These reflections paint Gar Face as a lonely outsider, despised because of his deformed face. Some may be surprised to learn that Gar Face resents never being invited to talk with the other men or never being called a name other than Gar Face; it reveals a more human and vulnerable side of Gar Face, who yearns for companionship and basic human dignity and respect.

Furthermore, Gar Face felt that Ranger “had betrayed him” (143) when Ranger defended the bobcat. Gar Face—unusually for him—had trusted Ranger as his companion and hunting dog. He decides to keep Ranger tied up in the yard to remind himself, “Do not trust a living soul. Do not” (144). The repetition gives the phrase the feeling of a litany that Gar Face repeats to himself. This anecdote re-emphasizes that Gar Face has had a lonely life filled with cruelty: His mother left, and his father beat him savagely. When viewed in light of these childhood traumas, one can interpret his cruelty to Ranger as his way of keeping himself safe from further abandonment or hurt. While the author doesn’t justify or condone Gar Face’s cruelty, the narrative suggests that those who are treated with unkindness and disrespect may treat others with unkindness and disrespect because of insecurity, fear, or conditioning.

These chapters foreshadow Gar Face’s death at the hands of the Alligator King. The hummingbird, which the story has established as a creature that can flit between the world of the living and the world of the dead, appears at Gar Face’s boat, symbolizing that death awaits him if he doesn’t change his path. However, Gar Face fails to notice the bird, which illustrates that he, distracted by his obsession with killing the alligator, is blind to the immense risks of his hunt: “If he had looked at the lantern hanging on the bow, he might have seen the hummingbird hover there, just inside the light” (120). Further foreshadowing and building narrative tension about Gar Face’s imminent demise is this phrase: “A hundred feet below, the Alligator King smiled” (120). The Alligator King’s satisfaction, as well as his decision to taunt Gar Face with bubbles from below, denotes the creature’s confidence that he’ll kill Gar Face—rather than the other way around.

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