37 pages • 1 hour read
Patrick DewittA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
As they wait for the sky to darken so that they can try out the formula again, Warm tells Eli his life story. The son of a German immigrant, Hermann Warm was born in 1815 in Massachusetts. His mother fled the strangeness and abusiveness of his father, an amateur inventor who had “unnatural habits” (265). After his father committed suicide, Warm lived with his mother for a while before he too became abusive and left. He then began a life of destitution, crime, and alcoholism. After being drunkenly conscripted into the militia, Warm met a Lieutenant Colonel interested in chemistry. In exchange for assisting the officer, Warm got to use the laboratory for his own projects. That’s when he developed the gold finding formula.
When it grows dark, Eli, Charlie, and Warm pour two barrels of the formula into the water, while the partially injured Morris waits in a tree to stir the formula with a branch. Against the wishes of Warm, Charlie attempts to pour the third, and last, barrel into the water as well. In the process, Charlie trips and spills some of it, burning his hand. The men watch as the formula takes effect, making the previously invisible flakes of gold “as distinct as the stars in the sky” (282).
The glow lasts for 25 minutes, during which time the men are able to collect huge stacks of gold. Eli describes the experience as something “outside of time” (283), a wonder of the human mind and its potential for invention and creativity. In this moment, he is “the happiest I will ever be as long as I am living” (284).
With the glowing subsiding, Morris moves from the tree to the dam but missteps and slips into the water. Warm jumps in to save him and drags Morris to the shore. Eli and Charlie douse the two men with hot water and scrub them with soap to remove the formula from their skin. However, both are writhing in pain and complain that they cannot see.
By dawn the next morning Morris has died, along with all nine beavers from the dam. Eli buries him, giving a brief eulogy and throwing the piece of silk from the Mayfield bookkeeper into the grave. Meanwhile, in the tent, Warm is half-blind and close to death. What’s more, Charlie’s hand is now clearly “ruined” (291).
Later that day, on the verge of death and half mad, Warm confuses Eli for Morris, confiding that “I have come to like [Eli] a lot” (297) and that he no longer feels like an outcast. Warm also offers to tell Eli (who Warm thinks is Morris) the recipe for the formula, but Eli refuses to accept this information. Warm dies.
On emerging from Warm’s tent, Eli finds six armed Native men rummaging through their camp. They discover the bucket storing the river gold and divide it amongst themselves. When one of the men looks in Warm’s tent, he is horrified, and he and the others quickly leave without taking either the brothers’ horses or pistols.
The brothers ride back to Mayfield, hoping to recover the stash of money they hid there earlier. However, the Mayfield Hotel has burned down, and with it, their fortune. As Eli and Charlie drown their sorrows with brandy in the middle of the street, the women who worked at the Mayfield approach them. Bitter about their loss of accommodation and employment, the women insult, attack, and rob the two brothers.
Eli passes out in Mayfield. When he comes to at dusk, Eli sees the strange little girl who told him about her dream about poisoning a dog. As she stands in front of him, he asks her if he is still “protected” (308), but she refuses to answer. The girl then tries to give Charlie a jar of the poisoned water that killed the dog, but Eli knocks it out of Charlie’s hands before he drinks it.
Charlie has his right hand amputated in Jacksonville since the flesh has started to rot. Afterward, Eli touches the severed hand. He also returns to the restaurant where he had been served carrots with the stalks still on and demands to have a more satisfying meal.
When they reach their shack near Oregon City, Eli finds that the brothers have been robbed: The stash of money they left behind has been stolen and the furniture and rooms overturned. Eli heads for the Commodore’s mansion. After he sneaks in, he discovers the Commodore talking to himself in the bath about the nature of “greatness” (316). Eli pushes the man’s head under the water and drowns him.
Eli and Charlie return to their family home and meet their mother at the door. Eli tells her that they are done with adventures for the time being and that he wants to work in a trading post. Their mother allows them to stay in their old room, kissing Eli below the eye. Eli lies down on his old mattress and thinks, with contentment, that for the first time in a long time “I was precisely where I wanted to be” (325).
For Eli, picking up the illuminated gold from the river is not just exhilarating but so sublime that for those moments “such concerns as minutes and seconds […] did not exist” (283). His intense awe at this revelation of the link between nature and creative humanity transports him outside of time. Yet after this incredible high, come only a series of crushing lows: “everything after this went just as black and wrong as could be imagined. Everything after this was death in one way or another” (284).
The brothers lose everything accumulated on their travels. Morris and Warm die, and with them, the recipe for Warm’s formula, the short-lived community they’d created with the Sisters brothers, and the dream of using Warm’s invention for a successful enterprise. Charlie permanently loses his shooting hand, and therefore his career and status. All wealth is destroyed: A group of Native people takes the river gold, fire destroys the hidden Mayfield fortune, Mayfield’s sex workers rob the brothers’ personal possessions, and someone makes off with their remaining hidden stash in Oregon City. Finally, the small hope of romantic possibility vanishes when Eli throws the bookkeeper’s silk keepsake on Morris’s grave. The brothers’ return to their family home and childhood beds symbolizes wholesale failure. Their experience has been so devastating that they have emerged poorer and even regressed in time.
However, their suffering is not entirely futile. Though the brothers have not materially prospered, their adventure has fostered internal growth and change. Friendship with Warm and Morris allows them to change their life. Charlie’s missing hand and Eli’s newfound understanding help him break free from the Commodore. Like Warm, who broke out of the cycle of abuse that he was about to reenact when he noticed himself turning into his father, Eli briefly experiences a sense of unity and belonging with others that enables him to break out the cycle of enforcer violence that has been his life. Just as Warm’s death redeems him from outsider status, Eli’s many losses save him from a similar grim fate.
Morris’s death completes the transformation of Eli’s character, inspiring Eli to resolve to kill the Commodore. Eli hates that the Commodore created a situation where only death could free the noble Morris from servitude to the Commodore’s rapacious greed. This final murder also frees Eli. By drowning the Commodore, he literally puts an end to the force which has been manipulating him, asserting his independence. Through this act, Eli defies the hierarchical and oppressive order controlling the novel’s world. Ironically, in so doing, he embodies the Commodore’s definition of a “great man” (317): “one who can make something from nothing,” who can “inject into this blank space an essence of himself” (317).
By Patrick Dewitt
9th-12th Grade Historical Fiction
View Collection
Action & Adventure
View Collection
Addiction
View Collection
Allegories of Modern Life
View Collection
American Civil War
View Collection
American Literature
View Collection
Books Made into Movies
View Collection
Books on U.S. History
View Collection
Books that Feature the Theme of...
View Collection
Canadian Literature
View Collection
Community
View Collection
Historical Fiction
View Collection
Laugh-out-Loud Books
View Collection
Mortality & Death
View Collection
Mystery & Crime
View Collection
Satire
View Collection
Sexual Harassment & Violence
View Collection
The Best of "Best Book" Lists
View Collection
The Booker Prizes Awardees & Honorees
View Collection
Westerns
View Collection