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35 pages 1 hour read

H. G. Wells

The Invisible Man

Fiction | Novella | Adult | Published in 1897

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Chapters 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “The Strange Man’s Arrival”

On a cold February day in Iping Village, England, a strangely dressed man arrives at the Coach and Horses Inn. Mrs. Hall, the innkeeper, is surprised by the man’s attire and brusque manner. He wears blue goggles and is covered by heavy coats, scarves, and a hat. When he speaks, he covers his mouth with a white napkin. When he removes his hat, Mrs. Hall is shocked to see that his face and head are heavily bandaged. She tries to make him feel comfortable by sharing stories of her family and their own medical procedures. The visitor makes it clear, however, that he wants to discuss neither his condition nor his odd appearance.

Chapter 2 Summary: “Mr. Teddy Henfrey’s First Impressions”

When Mrs. Hall brings a clock repairman into the stranger’s room, she finds him napping. For the first time, she sees him without a handkerchief covering the lower portion of his face. There is a large gaping hole where his mouth should be, but she assumes shadows are playing tricks on her. Now awake, the stranger expresses irritation at their arrival, but he allows the repairman, Mr. Henfrey, to fix the clock. The stranger inquires about his luggage, explaining to Mrs. Hall that he is a researcher and needs the equipment in his luggage to continue his experiments. He then says that his strange appearance resulted from a bungled experiment, and that his eyes are extremely sensitive, requiring his seclusion in a dark room for hours on end. Once the clock is working, he does not want to be disturbed again. After Mr. Henfrey leaves, annoyed by the stranger's insolence, he runs into Mr. Hall. He advises Mr. Hall that there is an uncanny tenant at the inn, and suggests he investigates the man’s background and intentions.

Chapter 3 Summary: “The Thousand and One Bottles”

The next day, the stranger’s luggage arrives: trunks, crates of books, and mysterious glass bottles. He descends from his room to collect his belongings, which have attracted local attention. A villager’s dog dislikes the stranger and promptly bites him, and the stranger retreats to his room because his glove and pants were ripped. Mr. Hall follows him, and upon entering the dimly lit room he sees “what seemed a handless arm waving towards him” (18). The stranger assures Mr. Hall that the dog did not hurt him, and orders him to get all the luggage into his room and unpacked. He immediately begins work with his test tubes and bottles of liquid.

That evening, Mrs. Hall brings his dinner and admonishes him for making such a mess of the room. He rudely orders her to add a charge to his bill for the mess and to leave him alone. He remains locked in his room, working all afternoon. Mrs. Hall hears a noise only once: He is “raving” to himself about being unable to go on any longer (20). Later in the pub, Mr. Hall and some locals discuss the stranger. They notice that his nose is pink, but when the dog bit his leg, only blackness showed through the torn clothing. They assume he is “a piebald [...] black here, and white there—in patches. And he’s ashamed of it. He’s a kind of a half breed” (21).

Chapter 4 Summary: “Mr. Cuss Interviews the Stranger”

Mr. and Mrs. Hall still tolerate the stranger’s ill manners and reclusiveness. He stays indoors during the day, emerging from his room only for an evening walk. When locals see him out walking in the twilight they are terrified by his “ghastly bandaged face” (22). They gossip about whether he is really an investigator as he claims, or if he is actually a fugitive. One villager makes a biblical allusion, comparing the stranger to the “the man with one talent” (a figure from a New Testament parable) (23). Though the villagers cannot agree on a theory of the stranger’s identity, they all dislike him for his “irritability” (24).

The local doctor, Mr. Cuss, is so curious that he asks the stranger directly about his condition. The stranger begins an anecdote: He was working on his experiments when an important piece of paper blew into the fire and up the chimney. As he mimes the motion of the airborne paper, it becomes clear that he has no arm. Cuss assumes he must be missing an arm, but when the stranger playfully uses his seemingly missing hand to pinch the doctor’s nose, Cuss feels what is unmistakably a hand attached to an arm. He is so unsettled by this experience that he runs from the room and wonders if the supernatural is afoot.

Chapter 5 Summary: “The Burglary at the Vicarage”

Mrs. Bunting, the vicar’s wife, awakens at dawn “with the strong impression that the door of their bedroom had opened and closed” (27). She and the vicar tiptoe toward his office, where they hear someone riffling through his desk followed by a sneeze—yet they see no one. They hear the jingle of coins and realize the thief has found their stash of gold. Mr. Bunting rushes in holding a fire poker, yet still he sees no one. They search the office to no avail, but then hear another sneeze in the hallway, followed by the back door inexplicably opening and closing. They have no idea that an invisible stranger just robbed them.

Chapter 6 Summary: “The Furniture That Went Mad”

At the same time of the robbery, Mr. Hall notices the stranger’s door is ajar. He enters and finds strewn clothing and bandages. As the Halls wonder aloud where the stranger could be without his clothes, they hear the front door open and close, followed by a sneeze. Mrs. Hall is investigating his room when his clothes suddenly appear to gather themselves up. Then, a chair upends itself and pushes her out of the room, and the door locks behind her. Mrs. Hall is hysterical, believing she was just visited by a ghost or demons. When she shares her story with some of the townsfolk, they suggest that Mr. Hall break down the stranger’s door and demand an explanation. Before they can finish discussing this, the stranger opens the door himself, fully clothed and bandaged. Mr. Hall approaches him for conversation, but the stranger slams the door in his face and shouts, “go to the devil!” (32).

Chapters 1-6 Analysis

The first six chapters reveal more about Iping’s townspeople than the protagonist. In the villagers’ response to the strangely dressed man, the reader learns a great deal about their disposition. Wells uses the setting and secondary characters to engage in social commentary.

The Invisible Man’s bandages and strange goggles prompt the townspeople’s speculation that he is “a piebald [...] black here and white there—in patches. And he’s ashamed of it. He’s a kind of half-breed” (21). The term “piebald” is usually applied to horses and other livestock, indicating a coat with patches of black and white. The villager’s use of this term, in conjunction with the phrase “half-breed,” suggests racism is behind this description. Wells does not outright specify the Invisible Man’s race, but there is enough ambiguity in the text to raise the question of whether the Invisible Man hoped to escape racial confines by becoming invisible. Indeed, the reader later discovers that the Invisible Man lives with the condition of albinism—causing his skin and hair to be uncommonly white—and it was his distress over his stigmatized appearance that led him to research invisibility.

In Chapter 4, the stranger’s reclusive work habits and remarkable lab equipment inspire one villager to compare him “to the man with one talent” (23). This is a biblical reference to “The Parable of the Talents” in which a master gives his servants differing amounts of money to tend while he is away. The man given a single talent spends his time fearfully keeping the money buried. When the master returns, he rewards the servants who diligently invested their talents, but he punishes the man who squandered his gift. The villager’s comparison of the Invisible Man to this foolish servant accomplishes two things: it implicitly condemns his behavior (fearfully hiding himself) and expresses distaste for him.

The biblical allusion also shows the villagers’ concern that the stranger is not a proper Christian. Moreover, it demonstrates that they are provincial in comparison to the Invisible Man’s cosmopolitanism as an “experimental investigator” from London (23). These early chapters set up a dichotomy between the English countryside and its metropolitan cities, and the contrast is reinforced by juxtaposing the Invisible Man’s scientific paraphernalia with the villagers’ close association with scripture and farm life. After the Invisible Man robs the vicar, Mrs. Hall compares him to a malicious spirit: “I might ha’ known. With them goggling eyes and bandaged head, and never going to church of a Sunday” (31). To further dramatize the difference between the villagers and the Invisible Man, Wells gives the villagers a Cockney accent (often associated with the lower, working class): “’Tas sperits [...] I know ’tas sperits. I’ve read in papers of en” (30).

Finally, the narrator comments on English society: “the Anglo-Saxon genius for parliamentary government asserted itself; there was a great deal of talk and no decisive action” (31). Using sarcasm or irony for social critique is characteristic of the science fiction genre, and Wells has a particular gift for humorously exposing social defect.

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