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35 pages 1 hour read

H. G. Wells

The Invisible Man

Fiction | Novella | Adult | Published in 1897

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Chapter 21-EpilogueChapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 21 Summary: “In Oxford Street”

The Invisible Man recounts walking out in public after setting the house on fire:

He stumbled and struggled to avoid collisions with pedestrians. He jumped in a cab before trying to continue on foot, but a dog smelled him and nearly gave him away. Later, children noticed the footprints he left in the mud and they showed the adults. A group of people then began following the mysterious footprints. He eventually outpaced them, and stopped to look back at the black smoke of the house fire.

Chapter 22 Summary: “In the Emporium”

The Invisible Man continues telling Kemp of his journey:

He sought supplies at a large department store called Omniums. He snuck into a pile of blankets and felt happiness for the first time since becoming invisible. Asleep, however, he had a nightmare about being accidentally pushed into a coffin and buried alive because no one could see him. When he awoke, he took clothes from the store—but, fully dressed, he was now visible to the policemen who pursued him through the store. He desperately needed the clothing to survive the snow, but he now had to undress to maintain invisibility. Unable to figure a way to abscond with his “plunder” (102), he left empty-handed.

Chapter 23 Summary: “In Drury Lane”

As the Invisible Man details his beleaguered travels, Kemp starts to understand how invisibility could be more of a burden than a gift—but the Invisible Man is not done with his story:

He walked to Covent Garden Market, where there was a theater shop full of costumes. Trying to suppress sneezes from a cold, he waited in the shop to steal clothing and a fake, disguise nose. The shopkeeper sensed his presence and searched the building, suspecting rats or some other being. The Invisible Man grew tired of hiding from the old man, so he knocked him out with a step stool.

Listening to the story, Kemp is dismayed and admonishes Griffin for flouting “the common conventions of humanity” (106). Remorseless, the Invisible Man explains the necessity of stopping the shopkeeper. The Invisible Man continues his story, describing the discovery of a hunchback’s costume and a plentitude of gold. He then talks about how he donned a “grotesque [...] theatrical” (108) disguise. He took his new clothes and money to a restaurant, before realizing there was no way to sit and enjoy a meal without revealing his invisibility. Suddenly, he says, it dawned on him that invisibility is not what he’d hoped: “For this I had become a wrapped-up mystery, a swathed and bandaged caricature of a man!” (109).

Kemp asks if Griffin really must act so criminally, and Griffin argues that Kemp can’t possibly understand his hardship.

Chapter 24 Summary: “The Plan That Failed”

Kemp still listens to the Invisible Man’s story, pretending to commiserate and consider a partnership. Griffin has an idea to move to Spain or Algiers; Warm weather would make it easier to live nude, ending his need for disguise. He also thinks, however, that he could live and work in England now that he has Kemp’s alliance. Griffin assumes he will be able to manipulate Kemp into doing his bidding.

Meanwhile, Kemp has alerted the police, and he tries to hide their approach by bodily blocking the window. Indeed, the Invisible Man is unaware until the police have entered the house a floor below. If Kemp has any doubts about turning Griffin in, they evaporate as the Invisible Man declares he “must now establish a Reign of Terror” (112) and control the town through brute force. Kemp fails to lock the Invisible Man inside, and he escapes, knocking Colonel Adye down the stairs.

Chapter 25 Summary: “The Hunting of the Invisible Man”

Kemp explains to Adye that the Invisible Man is “inhuman. He is pure selfishness” (115) and must be stopped. Kemp uses the knowledge gleaned from Griffin’s stories to instruct Adye how best to capture him. He believes that the Invisible Man won’t leave before retrieving his books from Marvel (who is safe in a holding cell). He recommends they starve Griffin out, keeping dogs and men on the hunt.

Chapter 26 Summary: “The Wicksteed Murder”

The Invisible Man escapes Kemp’s house and disappears. During this time, “the countryside began organizing itself with inconceivable rapidity” (117). The trains are blocked, mounted police patrol the area, and rumors of Mr. Wicksteed’s murder have circulated widely: Reportedly, the Invisible Man bludgeoned him to death after Mr. Wicksteed began following the Invisible Man’s footprints. Witnesses heard the Invisible Man, after murdering Mr. Wicksteed, “wailing and laughing, sobbing and groaning” (120). He finds food and later sleeps, and in the morning he is “prepared for his last great struggle against the world” (120).

Chapter 27 Summary: “The Siege of Kemp’s House”

Kemp receives a letter from the Invisible Man. The letter “announces the first day of Terror” (121). The Invisible Man proclaims a new era and threatens to kill them all if necessary. He intends to kill Kemp first, to set an example. Kemp takes the letter seriously and begins securing himself and his staff in his home. He sends a servant with a letter to Colonel Adye, but the Invisible Man attacks the servant as she is leaving the house. Colonel Adye manages to get inside Kemp’s house just in time. The Invisible Man begins smashing all the windows.

Adye needs to call for backup, and convinces Kemp to lend his revolver. The Invisible Man attacks Adye just outside the house and steals the revolver, shooting Adye. It’s unclear whether the colonel is dead or just wounded. Three policemen approach the house from the back, unaware of Adye. The Invisible Man enters the house and battles the officers using an ax. They dodge his ax and shoot him at least once. In the chaos, Kemp and a housemaid escape through a smashed window and flee.

Chapter 28 Summary: “The Hunter Hunted”

Kemp tears down the hill, closely pursued by the Invisible Man. Kemp tries to seek shelter in someone’s home but the owner refuses. He continues running the very same path that Marvel used earlier when he fled the Invisible Man. When Kemp reaches the village square, Griffin ambushes him and strikes him several times. People come out to help, and an altercation ensues. The Invisible Man tries to strangle Kemp, but because of his gunshot wound he is weak in one arm. This injury allows Kemp and others to finally restrain him.

Kemp doesn’t want him killed, but the Invisible Man dies by the men’s forceful efforts to restrain him. After his breathing and heartbeat stop, his body slowly becomes visible, showing a man in his thirties with albino skin and red eyes. They cover him with a sheet: “And there it was [...] that Griffin, the first of all men to make himself invisible, Griffin, the most gifted physicist the world has ever seen, ended in infinite disaster his strange and terrible career” (133).

Epilogue Summary

Marvel now lives comfortably as a bachelor. After the Invisible Man’s death, Marvel kept the money that his old captor forced him to steal, and he also earned money by telling the tale of the Invisible Man to audiences. He now runs an inn that he purchased with his loot. He swears to anyone who asks that he never had possession of the three books which hold the secrets to invisibility. Yet, every Sunday night, he sits in secrecy, engrossed in the well-hidden books, hoping to achieve invisibility: “And though Kemp has fished unceasingly, no human being [...] knows those books are there [...] and none other will know of them until [Marvel] dies” (135).

Chapter 21-Epilogue Analysis

The final section of the novel completes Griffin’s metamorphosis from “ordinary man” (73) to monster. He despairs of finding the remedy for his invisibility. He finds that living invisibly is an “absurdity” (109), and that he “had become a wrapped-up mystery, a swathed and bandaged caricature of a man!” (109). Rather than try returning to his ordinary life, he plans to use his powers solely for self-interest. He discusses his initial plan to leave London for warmer weather so that he won’t need clothing. He specifically mentions going “by train into Spain, or else get to Algiers” (111).

His interest in Algiers holds historical significance: In 1830, France invaded and colonized Algeria. A few pages later, Griffin will declare intentions for a “Reign of Terror” (112) and “the Epoch of the Invisible Man” (121). He plans to “take some town like your Burdock and terrify and dominate it” (112). The Reign of Terror is an actual historical event from the French Revolution: During this Reign, mass executions and rampant murder terrorized the French people. By associating himself with the French and considering life in French-occupied Algiers, Griffin distances himself from England. Perhaps he feels trapped by Victorian moralism and wishes to live somewhere less culturally rigid. Perhaps his albinism and marginalized status in England troubles him, so he longs for escape to a more diverse environment. Regardless of motive, he makes plain his desire to fully exercise his power, tyrannizing a small English town and using people as pawns.

The novel continues comparing Griffin with Kemp; Kemp is a scientist with a moral code while Griffin is a scientist who loses himself entirely. The end of the novel moves away from its focus on scientific discovery and its dangers; Instead, it examines power and corruption. Griffin becomes consumed with his power’s potential. He wants to use it to control, kill, and steal. Kemp uses the Latin phrase, “Griffin contra mundum... with a vengeance” (122), which means “Griffin against the world.” Kemp declares that because Griffin has defied the “common conventions of humanity” (106) he “is mad [...] inhuman. He is pure selfishness” (115). Kemp therefore determines that it is up to him and the villagers to stop Griffin at any cost: “He has cut himself off from his own kind. His blood be upon his own head” (116). At its heart, the novel presents the timeless battle between good and evil. Ultimately, Kemp represents good, and he prevails against evil (Griffin).

The Epilogue leaves the reader with Marvel, uneducated and unable to decipher the books’ secrets—but nevertheless enthralled. This scene suggests that although Griffin was destroyed, the danger of corruption still lurks, awaiting the next person to stumble across “the subtle secret of invisibility and a dozen other secrets written therein” (135). While the narrator calls Griffin’s experiments “strange and evil” (134), the novel suggests that the duality of human nature opens society to further wicked exploits.

Marvel peruses the abstruse texts, dreaming of his own eventual invisibility. He asserts, “I wouldn’t do what [the Invisible Man] did” (135), leaving the reader to evaluate his claim. Ironically, Marvel has outsmarted Griffin and Kemp (some of the self-proclaimed greatest minds of their day) by escaping with the precious literature. He also repeats the mistake of the “man with one talent” (23), hiding the books away, afraid to share with others who could aid in their translation. The Epilogue suggests that the allure of scientific knowledge—and the power and greed that attend it—will endure. The question, then, is who wields that power, and how.

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