55 pages • 1 hour read
Ann LearyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Mary writes a letter to Jake apologizing for not being able to meet him. She has been busy with Dr. Vogel. She notices that Dr. Vogel consumes a lot of wine, which she says is from her father’s pre-prohibition cellar. Mary also discovers that the maids, whom she thought only spoke French, speak perfect English. Dr. Vogel speaks to them in French as an act of sophistication.
Mary spends much of her reading in Dr. Vogel’s vast library. She reads about the Kallikak family, whom Jake has referenced several times. Kallikak was a man who had sex with a “feebleminded” barmaid and whose children with her were institutionalized in prisons and psychiatric hospitals. However, the children he had with his wife all went on to be ministers, doctors, and lawyers. The book is supposed to be evidence of “feebleminded” women passing on their traits.
Since moving in with Dr. Vogel, Mary struggles to socialize with anyone because they believe that she is a spy for Dr. Vogel. She pretends not to worry about everyone’s shifting attitudes towards her. She also worries that she still has not heard from Mother Beatrice.
On Wednesdays, Mary eats with Dr. Vogel, who talks about her family’s history. Her father married her mother for her money, gained rights over all her property through marriage, and gambled away her money. Her maternal grandparents were abolitionists and suffragists with ties to Seneca Falls and Frederick Douglass. Mary is confused by Dr. Vogel’s pride in her family’s connection to Frederick Douglass because she recently typed a letter from Dr. Vogel that emphasized the dangers of “lesser races.” Dr. Vogel emphasizes racist rhetoric because her audiences resonate with it, and it helps her raise funds for Nettleton.
Dr. Vogel asks Mary whether she has ever thought about college and suggests that she will find a way for Mary to go to university. She sees Mary as her daughter and believes that she will one day take her place as superintendent at Nettleton.
Jake sends Mary a letter. He is disappointed that he doesn’t get to see her and warns her that Dr. Vogel is trying to mold her in her image. He is especially concerned about Dr. Vogel’s public rhetoric blaming social problems and crime on minorities and the disenfranchised. Jake doesn’t believe that Mary is like Dr. Vogel and hopes that Mary can resist her charm. He is going to see Mary in two weeks, no matter what she says. Mary responds that she misses Jake. She defends Dr. Vogel and tells Jake that she has Jewish friends and is proud of her abolitionist grandfather, who had ties to Frederick Douglass. She jokes that Dr. Vogel will never be able to mold Mary in her image because she is slim, and Mary is not.
When Dr. Vogel arrives at work, she is upset about an article that questions why Nettleton has been purchasing cases of champagne and whiskey. Dr. Vogel immediately calls Judge Filmore to arrange for Mary to pick up bottles with more recent dates stamped on them. Mary picks up the bottles and helps Dr. Vogel unload them. Mary becomes suspicious when she accidentally breaks a case of empty bottles because she picks them up with too much strength—anticipating that the case would contain full bottles. However, she justifies Dr. Vogel and Judge Filmore’s actions and thinks to herself that powerful people are above the law because they need to make important decisions to uphold the law. She thinks back to Jake’s warnings and dismisses him. She decides that she understands power better than Jake despite her youth because she spends all of her time with important and powerful people.
Bertie and Mary go to church, and the priest asks to meet them for lunch after the sermon. He tells them that he received a letter from Sister Beatrice about girls not receiving mass at Nettleton. Mary admits to writing the letter because she is concerned about Lillian. The priest points out that Lillian married a Protestant and is no longer a Catholic.
Mary was hoping to expose that Lillian does not belong at Nettleton. Bertie also tries to help and explains that some of the girls at Nettleton have been misused. The priest becomes frustrated with them and says that the girls should be glad to be at an institution like Nettleton, where they are safe. Bertie recognizes the danger of the conversation and asks the father to offer a prayer as if their meeting is a confession, binding him to secrecy.
Later, Mary reveals almost everything about her relationship with Lillian to Bertie. She omits the story of her and her uncle Teddy. Bertie points out that Nettleton is basically a prison. She is compassionate to Lillian’s situation and says that she would have done the same thing in Lillian’s shoes. Mary mistakes Bertie’s compassion for judgment of Mary’s cruelty. She becomes defensive and says that she stuck her neck out for Lillian. Bertie points out that Dr. Vogel likes Mary, and she could risk much more before Dr. Vogel would consider letting her go.
Bertie wants to leave Nettleton and has a risky plan to get Lillian out. When Mary returns to Nettleton, she writes a note to Lillian, informing her that she has a plan to help her escape.
Mary anxiously waits for Lillian to come to Dr. Vogel’s house while Dr. Vogel is away. She arrives in men’s work boots and her sheer dress soaked through. Amazed by the grandeur of Mary’s room and overwhelmed by Mary’s bath, she doesn’t want to be left alone. Mary notices that she is pale, bruised, and unwell.
Mary tells Lillian about the plan. Bertie is organizing a Christmas concert, and Lillian will sing “Ave Maria” in Latin to raise questions about why such an educated girl is at Nettleton. Then Lillian will explain that she was raped by a Black man without revealing Graham’s name and explain her situation. Lillian is excited about the prospect of escape, but she doesn’t want to dwell on the plan. She asks Mary to tell her stories about Mary’s dad like when they were kids. Mary protests and says that the stories were all made up. Her dad was a bad man like her uncle. Lillian knows, but she wants to hear the stories anyway.
Mary remembers Teddy’s death. One day after he abused her, she took $65 from him and put his car into gear so that he would roll into a bog and wake up covered in mud. However, Teddy woke up and swerved into a ravine, where he plummeted to his death. Mary is able to admit to herself that Lillian never made Mary do anything, that Teddy’s death was an accident, and that she is glad that he is dead. Mary confesses that she was slow to help Lillian because she was afraid that Lillian would reveal that Mary murdered her uncle to everyone. In the early morning, Mary cleans up any trace of Lillian as she sneaks away. Mary feels relieved by her confession and is no longer angry at Lillian.
In the office, Dr. Vogel is cold toward Mary because she found out that Mary is in a relationship with Jake, who wrote an article about the steel mill that her brother-in-law runs. Dr. Vogel calls Jake a Jewish communist, agitator, and anarchist. Jake also wrote a story about three girls at Nettleton whose families all went to court to get them out, but all of them failed because the cases were presided over by Judge Filmore. Jake’s article mentions the purchase of alcohol at Nettleton.
Mary denies her closeness with Jake and feels betrayed by him. She breaks down crying, and Dr. Vogel forgives Mary in a maternal way. Later, Mary helps her entertain the women who come to play bridge at Dr. Vogel’s residence. Mrs. Whitcomb—the bank president’s wife—reveals that she has a new girl from Nettleton, and Mary is shocked. She excuses herself with a headache. She is angry that Dr. Vogel sent another girl to Mr. Whitcomb, who raped Ida, and she is ashamed that she ever aligned with Dr. Vogel against Lillian and Jake. She realizes that Dr. Vogel is capable of anything.
Mary reconciles her past with her present in Part 3. She experiences significant character growth, and her illusions about Dr. Vogel and Nettleton fall away as she forgives herself for her past actions and realizes that she is more similar to Lillian than Dr. Vogel. She learns that what separates the inmates from other women is precarity. By the end of Part 3, she discovers the corruption and hypocrisy of Dr. Vogel and other powerful people, and she is aligned with Jake, Bertie, and Lillian against her. The escape plan for Lillian highlights this change and sets the novel up for its climax, although the plan’s racist elements—Lillian would lie and say a Black man raped her—hint that Mary’s journey is not yet complete.
At the beginning of Part 3, Mary is still motivated primarily by her fear and desire for a maternal figure. She is defensive about Dr. Vogel’s actions, but she also begins to see that the institutions she trusts are not how they seem. The Catholic Father, whom she trusts, defends Nettleton. Dr. Vogel regularly drinks and is openly racist and xenophobic despite her hypocritical pride in her family’s association with Frederick Douglass. The judge, representing the legal system, is implicated in a bootlegging scheme. Church, Law, and Mother (Dr. Vogel as the maternal figure) are all corrupt, dismantling everything Mary knows about the world. Without these authority figures, she must decide for herself what is moral and just.
Mary’s anagnorisis, or epiphany, comes when she discovers that Dr. Vogel sent another girl to Mr. Whitcomb after he raped and impregnated Ida. Mary especially empathizes with Ida because she is a sexual abuse victim like her. She realizes that Dr. Vogel is not interested in protecting the girls if she is willing to send another girl to a sexual predator—though Dr. Vogel frequently discusses women’s empowerment, she perpetuates Sexism and the Mistreatment of Women when it benefits her. For example, blackmailing Mr. Whitcomb for her personal gain to keep his sexual abuse a secret. Mary recognizes that Dr. Vogel is only interested in protecting her own power. Simultaneously, Mary has compassion for Dr. Vogel, who has also been oppressed by patriarchal institutions and still aspires to her level of education and success. At this point, the narrative asks whether these things can be achieved by following a different path, one that does not involve Eugenics and the Mistreatment of Vulnerable Populations.
Mary does begin following an alternative path, choosing Friendship and Loyalty in the Face of Social Injustice. She chooses her friendship with Lillian and her own moral understanding of right and wrong over Dr. Vogel’s rhetoric and methods. Mary recognizes that she cannot support injustice, no matter how it may benefit her. These benefits become more concrete in these chapters when Dr. Vogel offers Mary a chance to study in college. Mary demonstrates significant growth in turning down this opportunity and in her capacity for self-reflection. She finally confronts her past—her abuse from her uncle—and recognizes, with the help of Lillian and Bertie, her similarities with Lillian and the other women at Nettleton.
Part 3 also highlights the performativity of wealth and power. Dr. Vogel does not need to speak French to the maids, but she does so to seem more sophisticated. She drinks heavily, manipulates others, and is lonely, but because she is well-connected, she can frame all of her actions and quirks as refined. Her performativity highlights the similarities between Dr. Vogel and someone like Lillian. Lillian is also capable of performing and charming her way in and out of situations. However, because she does not have access to wealth and connections, she ultimately ends up in Nettleton. Additionally, while Nettleton’s inmates are often considered criminals, Dr. Vogel frequently commits crimes in the novel: She is a bootlegger, she covers up rape and other abuse, and she blackmails Mr. Whitcomb. She justifies her actions as resistance to unjust patriarchal systems, but she exploits other women to get ahead and can do so due to her race and class.
In these chapters, the novel transitions fully from the Gothic genre to realism, signifying Mary’s own transition from girlhood to adulthood. Mary no longer inhabits a world of monsters, villains, and clear moral choices. Instead, she awakens to a world of complex decisions and characters navigating large sociopolitical forces that they cannot control. She and everyone she encounters are forced to make choices between power, stability, money, friendship, and morality. These choices come to a head in the book’s climax in Part 4.