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77 pages 2 hours read

Olga Tokarczuk

The Books of Jacob

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2014

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Part 3, Chapters 13-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “The Book of the Road”

Part 3, Chapter 13 Summary

The travelers are smuggled into Poland by a Turkish man named Saakadze. Crossing from Turkey into Poland is prohibited “due to the plague” (654) and the nearby village is largely deserted. When purchasing food for the group, Nahman exaggerates his stories. He has a “propensity for exaggeration” (652). Spies track Jacob’s journey. He visits his sick and bedridden grandmother, Yente. The local people are worried about his insistence that “breaking the old laws is necessary” (649). He preaches about assembling a new religion from parts of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Jacob’s preaching is not always understood or appreciated but his following grows as he moves from village to village. His male followers show their appreciation by offering up their wives, sisters, or daughters to share Jacob’s bed. Jacob calls his religion “the faith of the Holy Trinity” (645) and he preaches about the end of the world, but the rich and comfortable listeners are less inclined to believe him.

Jacob recruits two female guardians: A girl from Busk and a self-proclaimed descendent of a “Polish princess” (643) named Gitla accompany him everywhere. Jacob and Gitla become particularly close, though she annoys many people. They return to Nahman’s hometown, Busk, where his wife Leah insists that “God has punished” (640) the family by preventing all but one of their children from surviving infancy. She blames Nahman’s devotion to Jacob for this punishment.

Against Jacob’s wishes, Nahman keeps a secret record of Jacob’s teaching. However, he carefully omits certain details. When visiting Hayah at Elisha Shorr’s home, a man named Gershon Nahmanowicz witnesses a private sermon in which a “half-naked” (637) Hayah is kissed on the bare breast by each male member of the congregation. Gershon fetches the authorities and armed men burst into the room, arresting Jacob and the others. After a few days, these “heretics” (635) are released and head to Turkey.

Gitla is the daughter of a Rabbi and “her mind is not altogether sound” (635). Her youthful promiscuity annoyed her parents, and she escaped them by joining Jacob’s entourage. Her father, Pinkas, discusses her departure with his employer, Rabbi Rappaport, but he struggles to accept the Rabbi’s counsel. He worries about his daughter.

Part 3, Chapter 14 Summary

Father Pikulski has studied the Jewish faith for many years. He is summoned to advise Bishop Dembowski of Kamieniec with regard to Jacob and his “heretics” (628), whose new religion is breaking from Judaism in a controversial fashion. The bishop bans Jewish people from the town, but they set up just outside the town limits and continue to trade with the locals. Father Chmielowski meets with the bishop and Pikulski, seeking their “brotherly counsel” (625). Prince Jablonowski allowed Chmielowski to use his library to research entries for his encyclopedia. Now, Jablonowski has accused Chmielowski of stealing facts and interpretations. Chmielowski insists that this is impossible. He mentions the bishop’s broken promise of providing funding for the project. The bishop encourages Chmielowski to defend himself by writing “some sort of manifesto” (623). Chmielowski returns to Rohatyn, where a letter from Druzbacka waits for him. In her letter, Druzbacka discusses her family life. In his response, Chmielowski describes his work and praises her poetry.

Pinkas struggles to focus on his work since Gitla’s departure. This becomes increasingly difficult when Rappaport must discuss Jacob’s heretical influence on the local Jewish population. The council of Rabbis reaches the conclusion that the heretics are “no longer Jews” (616). Jacob is “cursed and cast out of Israel” (615) though the rabbis muddle his true name. During this time, Yente is still alive and she is “always present” (614) thanks to her ability to escape her own body. While Jacob and his followers try to counter the rabbinical counsel’s curse, Yente is cared for by her grandson, Israel, as well as his daughters, Pesel and Freyna. They struggle to come to terms with Yente’s coma-like condition. People begin to pray to Yente in the name of “hopeless causes” (611). The family gratefully receives the offerings left for Yente. They sell trinkets to the pilgrims, much to the disapproval of Israel’s wife, Sobla.

Bishop Dembowski writes to the papal nuncio with a description of the short trial of Jacob and his followers. These heretical Jews, the letter says, have been exiled. Father Pikulski sends his own letter, warning about the so-called “Contra-Talmudists” (608) and hinting that the bishop may not be taking Jacob as seriously as he should. He offers his expertise in prosecuting Jacob. Bishop Dembowski writes to his colleague, Bishop Soltyk, about how they could win great plaudits by converting Jacob and his Jewish followers to Christianity, which should be easy given that he believes that Jacob is preaching a form of Christianity.

Meanwhile, Jacob has fled to Turkey. His followers debate what to do in his absence. Gitla, left alone after the arrests, returns to her hometown but not to her home. After reaching “rock bottom” (603), she feels free. She decides to become a sex worker so that she will have somewhere to stay.

Part 3, Chapter 15 Summary

Nahman, Jacob, and Shlomo Shorr are in Kamieniec, where they watch workmen swap a Turkish crescent for a gold statue of “the Holy Virgin” (601). Later, they meet with Bishop Dembowski ahead of their “disputation” (600). They bribe the bishop to side with them in the dispute, hoping that he will help them secure lands and titles in exchange for valuable gems and their conversion to Christianity.

Hayah travels to meet Jacob and his followers. She surprises Jacob by joining the men’s meetings to discuss the disputation. Afterward, she goes to his bed, and they have sex “according to the old custom” (590). Nussen’s son Krysa argues that Jacob’s followers need land of their own if they want to survive. He hopes that the bishop will help them acquire this. 

Part 3, Chapters 13-15 Analysis

The doctrine that Jacob teaches is close enough to Christianity that it gives him certain social advantages but not quite so similar that he can escape persecution. Jacob talks about Christianity and Judaism in a similar fashion; his promise to his Jewish followers is that they can evolve their Jewish beliefs just enough that they can become a part of the Christian majority and thereby escape persecution. For people who have lived their entire lives under the constant threat of ethnic violence, this is a promise which closely resembles salvation.

Jacob’s doctrine discusses Christian ideas such as the Holy Trinity in a superficial manner. The superficiality of his claims is important, as it provides the church authorities with just enough of a justification to allow him to be baptized. However, the heretical parts of Jacob’s philosophy provide the same cover needed to turn on him at a moment’s notice. The intricacies and the superficiality of Jacob’s teachings work very conveniently for the church, allowing them to do whatever is politically expedient at any given moment.

Gitla plays an interesting role in the novel. She is introduced as a fierce devotee of Jacob. She is so intense in her beliefs that she takes on a role as his bodyguard and assigns herself the personal mission of protecting him from harm. Once Gitla leaves the Contra-Talmudists, however, Jacob barely ever thinks about her. The stark difference between the intensity of Gitla’s devotion and the lack of compassion that he has for her demonstrates Jacob’s cynical streak. He manipulates and uses people for his own benefit and then disposes of them just as rapidly. In a broader sense, the way in which Jacob uses Gitla for his own ends echoes the way in which the church authorities use Jacob. In this way, Gitla, Jacob, and the church are escalating examples of the same social dynamic, in which belief is cynically manipulated for the benefit of the powerful.

Another example of this cynicism is the brief monetization of Yente’s comatose body. After she slips into her long sleep, Yente’s family does not know what to do. They continue to feed her and try not to forget about her. When word spreads that this old woman is living long beyond her expected years, there is a brief flurry of religiosity. People come to worship at Yente’s feet and they leave small offerings. For the first time, her family knows exactly what to do. They monetize the old woman, taking in the offerings and selling tourist trinkets to the pilgrims who come to visit her. Once again, their actions are an echo of a broader structural cynicism. The church authorities make vast amounts of money and live sinful lives in lavish palaces. Jacob preaches to his followers and lives well by compelling them to pool their money for his benefit. Yente’s family has the novel’s sole example of an actual miracle and all they can think to do is make money off the situation. Everyone is caught in the same cynical, self-serving cycles which serve to obfuscate and obliterate actual belief. 

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