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58 pages 1 hour read

Dennis Lehane

Shutter Island

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2003

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Chapters 17-20 (Day 4: The Bad Sailor)Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 17 Summary

Teddy scrambles back down the cliff toward Chuck’s body and stumbles across the piece of paper Chuck had offered him earlier, which turns out to be Laeddis’ intake form. But when he makes it to Chuck’s body, Teddy realizes it is not a body at all—just a large white rock covered in seaweed. Teddy calls out for Chuck but instead rouses the island’s rats, which soon cover the beach. Teddy notices a flicker of fire in one of the cliff’s caves, so he begins climbing toward what he hopes is safety.

When Teddy reaches the cave, he finds a woman wearing a patient’s uniform and holding a scalpel. She tells Teddy that she is the real Rachel Solando, the first female doctor at Ashecliffe Hospital. She explains that she had to flee after she began uncovering the hospital’s questionable practices, including the use of hallucinogenic drugs and experimental surgeries. Ashecliffe’s real goal is to create soldiers that can go out into the world and do the government’s “‘ghostly work’” (271). When Teddy asks if the doctors follow the Nuremberg Code, Rachel tells him that it has been “‘obliterated’” and everyone on the island knows it (271).

Not only does Rachel confirm Teddy’s suspicions, she tells him that they will never let Teddy leave the island to report the truth. Ashecliffe’s doctors operate under the principle that “‘insane men deny they’re insane,’” so they have been slipping Teddy neuroleptic narcotics, a type of hallucinogenic drug, since he arrived. The doctors will combine his inevitable hallucinations with his past trauma to justify locking him up in Ashecliffe Hospital forever. Rachel gives Teddy the symptoms of the drugs so he can watch for the effects—headaches, seizures, dry mouth, and body tremors—before sending him away for her own safety. When Teddy offers to help her escape, she tells Teddy that no one ever leaves Shutter Island, and reminds him that he has no friends here.

Chapter 18 Summary

Teddy has started to feel strange by the time he makes it to Cawley’s house, where he is met by the warden. He struggles to focus as the warden speaks philosophically about how violence reflects the natural order of things. “‘God loves violence,’” he explains before determining that Teddy is “‘as violent as they come’” (278-279). Teddy denies it, but the warden tells Teddy he looks forward to the carnage of their inevitable “‘final dance’” (282).

After their strange conversation, Teddy returns to the hospital in search of Cawley. Cawley tells Teddy now that the hurricane is over, he will be able to leave on the first ferry off the island. Teddy jokes that he will catch it as long as someone “‘wakes us up’” (286). Cawley asks Teddy if he knew anything about an unidentified man who slipped into Ward C earlier that day to talk with George Noyce. Teddy plays innocent and instead asks Cawley if a there is a patient named Andrew Laeddis on the island. Cawley says no, but he stops Teddy to ask who he meant by “‘us’” earlier. Teddy begins to get frustrated since he is obviously referring to Chuck. Confused, Cawley tells Teddy that he has no partner. Teddy came to Shutter Island alone.

Chapter 19 Summary

Teddy looks at Cawley in shock, but when he sees Cawley’s cold gaze, he knows he is being set up. Cawley probes Teddy about his supposed “partner” to try and corner him, but Teddy responds with something the real Rachel Solando told him. “‘Insane men deny they’re insane,’” Teddy says, and Cawley smiles as he realizes Teddy’s onto his game (292). Cawley then delivers a thinly -threat; he tells Teddy he (Cawley) worked hard to build Ashecliffe, and while many might not understand the hospital’s work, Cawley believes it is important enough to fight for.

Teddy returns to his room where he finds Trey Washington, his roommate and one of Ashecliffe’s orderlies. He confronts Washington about the fact that everyone on the island seems to tell the same lies, and asks Washington about Chuck, whom they had played poker with the evening before. Washington initially denies Chuck’s existence, but when Teddy resorts to intimidation, he caves. He tells Teddy he needs to get off Shutter Island as soon as possible. He reveals that one of the electric fences surrounding Asheville was broken in the storm, and he tells Teddy the ferry schedules. Teddy leaves immediately and makes his way to the cave where he first met the real Rachel, but all he finds are the remnants of a fire. The last thing he notices as he lays down to sleep is his thumb twitching, a sign that the neurotropic narcotics he was given are taking effect. 

Chapter 20 Summary

Chapter Twenty marks the beginning of the fourth—and final—section of Shutter Island, titled “Day 4: The Bad Sailor.” Teddy is once again lost in a dream. He and his father, his mother, Chuck, and Dolores are in a kitchen discussing Christmas gifts. Rachel and Laeddis—both of whom are naked—enter the kitchen as Teddy’s father, his mother, and Chuck leave. Dolores begins giving Teddy oral sex as Rachel and Laeddis pass into a nearby bedroom, and Teddy hears the sounds of their lovemaking carry down the hall.

Teddy wakes up to the sound of the warden telling his guards that Teddy is extremely dangerous and gives them permission to shoot on sight. The men search the beach outside the cave entrance but find nothing, and Teddy waits for them to leave before he makes his way toward the ferry. Unfortunately, the effects of the medication are getting worse, and Teddy feels “foggy” and “thick-tongued” even after a night of sleep (307). But he keeps moving until he finds the ferry. Orderlies are unloading the cargo while guards watch the perimeter. Teddy finds Cawley’s car and decides to create a distraction by setting it on fire. Teddy slips into the frigid ocean and thinks he sees the little girl from his dream floating underneath the water. He makes his way to the ferry anyway, where he overhears the warden and Cawley deciding to dock the boat until they find Teddy. When he realizes he will not be leaving the island, he decides to go to the lighthouse in the hope of rescuing Chuck.

Teddy incapacitates the first guard he sees, takes his rifle, and makes his way into the lighthouse while knocking out guards along the way. He has a mental conversation with Dolores as he sneaks through the building in search of Chuck, and when Teddy comes to the very last door, Dolores tells him to run. But Teddy knows he has no choice but to push through, and when he opens the last door, Cawley greets him with something Dolores said in one of his dreams: “‘Why you all wet, baby?’” (317)

Chapters 17-20 Analysis

Shutter Island slowly builds tension by utilizing what Sigmund Freud calls “the uncanny.” The uncanny occurs when everyday, normal occurrences somehow become eerie and unsettling. The first half of Lehane’s book is characterized by the uncanny; Lehane creates a general feeling that there is something off about Ashecliffe Hospital, which in turn builds narrative tension. These chapters, however, validate readers’ suspicions about the nefariousness of Shutter Island. Rachel Solando’s story supports Teddy’s mission to expose the hospital for what it really is: a top-secret government laboratory that conducts inhumane, illegal experiments. Lehane positions Teddy as the hero of his novel, so while readers still do not know whether Teddy has walked into a set-up, they continue to trust his perception of the situation.

But that trust is on increasingly shaky ground because closer inspection reveals flaws in Rachel’s tale. For example, if McPherson can find Teddy and Chuck in a mausoleum in the middle of a hurricane within hours of their disappearance, it seems unlikely that Rachel can avoid detection on the island for days. Furthermore, Teddy describes Rachel’s outfit as “a patient’s light pink shirt and drawstring pants and slippers” (267). Everyone at Ashecliffe is on high alert for runaway patients, so disguising oneself as a patient to sneak out of the hospital makes no logical sense. Likewise, it seems equally unlikely that Rachel could make a getaway through the harsh terrain of Shutter Island in nothing more than hospital slippers. Even Rachel’s identity is not quite what it seems; she never confirms nor denies that she is the real Rachel. When Teddy first asks her if she is Rachel Solando, she responds with a shrug; the next time Teddy questions her identity, she responds by asking him how he knows she is telling the truth. Additionally, Teddy has begins showing symptoms of the neurotropic narcotics, which further complicates the truth. Although Rachel does not explicitly list hallucinations as a known side effect, Teddy has already seen “dream Rachel” running through Ward C. Readers, then, start to question whether everything Teddy sees is actually real.

The psychological element of Shutter Island crescendos when, in Chapter Eighteen, Cawley tells Teddy he came to Shutter Island alone. Lehane writes Shutter Island from a third-person limited perspective, which means that the story focuses on the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of a single character. Readers know what Teddy thinks and feels, but the thoughts and emotions of every other character are filtered through Teddy’s perspective. For example, after Cawley tells Teddy Chuck is not real, Teddy notes that Cawley’s “curious gaze was the coldest thing Teddy had ever seen” (291). Whether Cawley’s eyes have actually become cold depends on whether readers trust Teddy’s judgement; Lehane has already shown how easily perceptions can change and affect the truth through the earlier interaction between Teddy and George Noyce. While Teddy remains both a sympathetic character and the novel’s hero, readers must now consider the alternative: that Teddy’s inner turmoil has rendered him as unstable as the other patients at Ashecliffe.

Finally, Teddy’s decision to go to the lighthouse at the end of this section symbolizes a turn in the plot of Lehane’s novel. From a symbolic perspective, the lighthouse represents the end of Teddy’s search for the truth. Just like a lighthouse literally reveals both safe passages and hazards for passing ships, the lighthouse also acts as a guide for Teddy’s own journey toward justice and vengeance. As Teddy makes his way through Shutter Island’s lighthouse, readers prepare for the novel’s climax and Lehane’s ultimate revelation of the truth.

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