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Alan GratzA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Yanek and the other prisoners are informed by the Nazi guards that they will be walking to a new camp. Yanek thinks their move is due to the bombings that are growing closer to camp. The prisoners are given “a half a loaf of bread, and told […] it was to last us the whole trip” (167).
The death march is more difficult than many of the camps. The prisoners are forced to walk all day in the freezing winter weather. Many people don’t have proper shoes, or any shoes at all, and they can’t walk. If a prisoner can’t walk or falls behind, the Nazi guards shoot them. Without water, Yanek drinks the snow. At night the prisoners huddle together in piles to stay warm.
Yanek is walking beside a boy who reminds him of Fred. He realizes this boy won’t last much longer on the walk because he’s too weak and emaciated to keep pace. He takes the boy under his arm and helps him walk. He realizes that if “we shared the load, we would all make it, even this nameless boy” (176). He asks the other prisoners to help him, but most ignore him. Finally an older man volunteers to help, and Yanek’s faith in humanity is slightly restored.
As Yanek helps carry the boy’s weight, he feels himself losing too much energy. He’s desperately hungry and looks forward to eating what’s left of his bread ration. When they finally stop walking for the day, Yanek realizes that he’s lost his bread. He considers eating the boy’s bread since “he’s mostly dead already” (181). He instantly feels ashamed by this thought. In the morning the boy doesn’t even thank Yanek for helping him.
They finally reach their destination, but Yanek doesn’t if he survives or dies because he’s so hungry and tired. The Nazi guards give the prisoners soup and bread. Learning from his past mistakes with the lost bread, Yanek clings to his food “like it was a precious jewel, hoarding it like a dragon” (187).
In the morning Yanek realizes the entire camp is littered with dead bodies. Despite being so desensitized to death, he remembers the small comforts from his former life, like his toothbrush. The present trauma has taught him that “even the simplest of possessions seemed like treasures now” (188).
The Nazi guards line up the prisoners outside while they sit inside and watch them. The prisoners aren’t allowed to move. When one man wipes the snow from his face, he is beaten by the guards. They make him do the “Sachsenhausen salute” (189), meaning he is forced to squat with his arms out or be killed. He finally falls over, and the guards beat him again. Another man commits suicide by throwing himself into an electric fence to the amusement of the guards.
Yanek is once again on a train to a new concentration camp. The cramped space grows roomier as more and more prisoners fall to the floor in death. The commander of the new camp sends half of the men to die because they’re too weak for work, and he orders the other half to rest so that they can regain their strength for work.
Yanek and the other prisoners who are ordered to rest eat meaty soup and bread. This makes their stomachs hurt. The next day Yanek trades his soup for bread to avoid stomach pains, and he soon regains his strength. He begins working again only to be punched in the face by a guard named Moonface, who hits him for no reason. Yanek volunteers to be shipped to a new camp to avoid Moonface’s purposeless violence.
Yanek arrives at a camp where “death came in many guises” (204). There is a zoo in the middle of the camp. It’s supposed to entertain the Nazi guards and their families, but it makes Yanek bitterly realize that the animals are treated better than the prisoners. This realization makes him feel even more numb.
As Yanek is forced between concentration camps and endures death marches and train rides, his faith in humanity is challenged. He knows that the Nazi guards are evil, but he questions why he and the other prisoners don’t rise up against this evil. He knows that when the prisoners rebel on their own, they are killed. However, when he helps the young boy walk during one of the death marches, he also sees the power in one small act of kindness.
Yanek’s desire to stand up for good amid evil recalls his father’s words during his bar mitzvah. Yanek knows that he is now considered a man and his actions will determine what kind of man he becomes. However, his father’s words are in constant conflict with Uncle Moshe’s advice. Uncle Moshe told him that the only way to survive is to look out for himself. Yanek struggles between acting selfishly and showing compassion for his fellow prisoners.
The prisoners are consistently treated as less than animals, and Yanek realizes the extent of this reality when he reaches Buchenwald concentration camp, when the Nazi guards have built a zoo in the middle of the camp. Yanek immediately sees that the animals are treated better than the prisoners. Although he’s always known how the Nazi guards view the prisoners, seeing the animals being fed and given shelter is like a slap in the face. Yanek has lost all his family and friends due to the Nazi guards’ disregard for Jewish life, and now he is forced to watch these animals receive the basic life necessities that he’s been denied.
By Alan Gratz