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61 pages 2 hours read

Lauren Roberts

Powerless

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2023

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Themes

Social Hierarchy and Oppression

In keeping with the conventions of the dystopian fantasy genre, Powerless depicts a world in which heightened social hierarchies serve as commentary on real-life, contemporary issues. In the fictional kingdom of Ilya, people are divided into Elites and Ordinaries, with Elites being further categorized into Mundanes, Offensives, Defensives, and Fatals. In this world, social and supernatural powers are intrinsically linked: the stronger the ability, the higher the social status. This hierarchy is even made visible by the city’s layout, with Mundanes being relegated to the poorest neighborhoods, while the rich nobles are the most powerful Elites: “Farther from the slums, the more the rows of shops and homes slowly improve in condition and size. Shacks turn into homes, homes turn into mansions, leading up to […] the royal castle” (2). Powers act as a clear symbol for and cause of class disparities. Significantly, Ordinaries are treated like pariahs: They are banished and killed because of the king’s desire to create an all-powerful society. Their persecution is reminiscent of the discrimination faced by oppressed groups in the real world. Additionally, the lies used to justify this ostracization benefit a small number of high-powered individuals, which parallels the prejudices and propaganda that oppressive socio-political systems rely on.

Within the narrative, the contrast between Paedyn’s and Kai and Kitt’s respective upbringings highlights the injustice and artificiality of those social hierarchies. Paedyn is an Ordinary who has grown up in the slums, while Kai and Kitt are princes with political influence, social capital, and powerful supernatural abilities. Paedyn herself remarks on her and Kitt’s extreme differences: “A smile lifts my lips at the image of a former Slummer and future ruler hand in hand, the perfect picture of polar opposites. The most powerful man paired with the most powerless woman” (147). When she called herself “powerless,” she explicitly refers to the supernatural powers they all possess, but she also means social and political power. Because of her background, Paedyn is disadvantaged and marginalized, a fact that she is regularly reminded of by characters like Blair and the king.

However, the Trials are meant to symbolically put all contestants on an equal footing. On the one hand, Kai and most of the other contestants can rely on their powers. On the other hand, Paedyn points out that she is “more prepared for these Trials than anyone” due to growing up in the slums and having to face hunger, cold, and poverty: “Living in the slums is survival of the fittest” (123). For the most part, the Trials make the contestants’ social status irrelevant to highlight their individual skills instead, thereby suggesting the artificial nature of social hierarchies. The imbalance of power still becomes blatantly obvious in certain situations, though, which Paedyn is aware of before she’s selected for the Trials. She criticizes the king’s ability to influence the results, but she doesn’t realize the impact of his influence until her friend is chosen to be killed in the arena at the end. This shows how even situations that could suit people from her background are still altered in favor of higher-class citizens, and it is this disparity and its consequences that drive Paedyn into the Resistance.

The Definition of Power

With Powerless, Roberts examines the nature of power and attempts to provide a complex definition of the term. The main characters in the story each embody a different type of power, and as a result, their interactions highlight their positive and destructive impacts. In addition to Paedyn and Kai, Kitt and the king also provide nuanced depictions of what power can mean and achieve.

The king represents authoritarian power. His influence over others is enacted through violence, oppression, and propaganda, and in return, it guarantees him a high social and economic status. In addition to being a ruler, the king also has control over his sons. He has trained Kitt to become a worthy successor and tortured Kai into becoming his brother’s future Enforcer. Meanwhile, Kitt is torn between his conflicting desires to please his father and to be kinder and more compassionate. As the crown prince, he enjoys a high social status, political influence, and a powerful Elite ability. Just like the king, Kitt has a great amount of material power. However, he has little control over his own fate, and he often feels trapped by the pressure and helplessness that come with his position.

With regard to his future, Kai is at least as trapped as his brother, with the additional caveat that his position includes even more morally dubious duties. He accepts his role without question, though, and the responsibility that power entails. He is also a powerful Elite with a rare ability, so he enjoys more supernatural power than most. However, he is unable to control his feelings toward Paedyn, which makes him powerless against her despite her own lack of supernatural ability.

Finally, Paedyn initially believes herself to be powerless compared to the Elites around her, often describing herself as “nothing” or insignificant. However, she uses her observation skills and combat training to succeed in the Trials. She also secures the princes’ friendship, which earns her some amount of social capital. By the end of the novel, Paedyn has gained more confidence in her self-identity. As a result, she realizes that, despite Social Hierarchies and Oppression based on arbitrary strength, her power is equal to that of the Elites.

Through each of those characters’ narrative arcs, the novel compares the destructive power of authoritarianism and the empowering nature of compassion. Kai comments, “Perhaps you may not need powers to be powerful” (42). The narrative thus suggests that real power stems from confidence and empathy, rather than arbitrary abilities or social status.

Identity Construction Through Adversity

Paedyn’s and Kai’s narrative arcs parallel each other as they learn to build their identities through adversity and violence, a process that solidifies their romantic bond. Significantly, each of the protagonists has grown up hiding their true selves: “Our lives seem to share sad similarities, unfortunate fates. Both our childhoods consisted of training to become what we had to be, neither of us growing up the way we wished” (371). However, Paedyn and Kai’s developing relationship challenges the roles they have been trained for. Paedyn, for instance, repeatedly comments on her ability to see through Kai’s symbolic “masks.” This begins the first time they meet, when Paedyn is forced to demonstrate her fake Psychic ability to convince Kai that she’s not an Ordinary. While putting up her own façade, she can instantly tell that he feels guilty about his recent Enforcer responsibilities. Similarly, Kai can tell throughout the novel that Paedyn has romantic feelings for him even when she won’t admit it. This recognition of the other’s identity helps enable each of them to embrace their true selves.

Paedyn has been living in the slums for five years, since she fled her home after her father’s murder. She has also been hiding her lack of supernatural abilities her whole life to avoid persecution and now survives by stealing and fighting. Kai, despite being the king’s son, has been trained to become an assassin and torturer through physical and emotional violence. Although he resents his training, he accepts his duty. However, he is characterized as self-loathing and self-deprecating, often calling himself a “monster” and stating about his relationship with Paedyn that “beasts don’t get the beauty” (407). They share a similar shame about their identity and the behavior they’ve been forced into, and this shared emotional difficulty helps them bond. Paedyn, who often feels unimportant and weak due to her lower class and powerlessness, finally feels that who she is can be seen by Kai, whose identity is erased in his service to either the king or his brother.

Both characters have endured hardships that have traumatized them, but they also claim that it has given them strength. Paedyn even symbolically embraces her past self when Ace creates an illusion of her helpless, pleading self: “That girl—that haunted, weak girl begging for help, for love—is me. Without her, I wouldn’t be who I am today. I’m still haunted, maybe even still hoping for love, but I am no longer weak because of it” (362). It is only because of the circumstances of the Trials that she can have and acknowledge this character development. The danger forces her to put her skills to the test and prove her strength, which offers her the confidence to see that she’s grown as a person. This growth enables her to make active decisions in her life, such as joining the Resistance. It’s also a trait that makes Kai further attracted to her.

Despite how she asserts that her hardships were necessary to who she ultimately became, she refuses to accept Kai’s training as normal or healthy: “It doesn’t matter how strong the king made him. The prince before me has been nothing but a pawn created by the man he calls Father” (371). She recognizes the trauma that his upbringing has caused him and rejects his assertion that his duty prevails over his happiness. Kai mirrors Paedyn’s feelings, as he admires her fortitude but resents that she has been forced to grow up poor and starving. In short, their adverse upbringings gave them their initial strength and determination, but how they connected amid the duress of the Trials allowed them to develop as characters and bond. Kai’s and Paedyn’s identities are characterized by the emotional strength they have gained by surviving hardships. As they get to know each other, they can reframe their respective upbringings as traumatic while finding ways to heal together. At the end of the story, their climactic confrontation completely upends that relationship and sets up new emotional challenges for the next book.

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