68 pages • 2 hours read
George MacDonaldA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
As soon as he sets out in pursuit of the Marble Lady, Anodos encounters a knight in rusty armor. He seems familiar, but Anodos doesn’t recognize him until he thinks of the story of Sir Percival. The knight warns Anodos to beware of the Maiden of the Alder-tree, for the knight fell into her trap, and his armor will not shine again until he has redeemed himself.
Anodos continues to search for his lost lady. Night falls and bathes him in mournful beauty. He forgets he is in Fairy Land and imagines himself walking through a perfect night in the ordinary world. He feels a flood of ecstasy at the thought. The earth seems strong and old and perfect. Then he remembers that his Marble Lady is somewhere in this forest. He thinks of how his first song freed her from her stone sleep and thinks that he ought to be able to summon her. Song bursts from him again. He sings for her—Queen of the Night—and hears a laugh that seems to call to him.
Entering a thicket, he sees a white figure amid the small trees and throws himself at her feet, thinking he has found his lady. All the same, he has a niggling sense of something amiss. She seems almost too perfect. She guides him to her grotto but never turns her back to him or allows him to put his arm around her. She lulls him to sleep with a magical and entrancing fairy tale.
Anodos wakes in the morning to find the woman gone and in her place a hollow log shaped like a woman. His first glimpse of her is from the back, and he sees that she is hollow, and her shape is that of a coffin. Her grotto now reminds him of a tomb. She turns to look at him, and he sees that she is shredding the belt of Beech leaves given to him by the Beech woman to protect him from Ash.
The Ash spirit appears beside the Alder woman and approaches Anodos in the cave. Anodos is frozen by his ghastly aspect, gorgon head, and ghoulish eyes. Just as Ash is about to seize him, Anodos hears a thunk like a blow of an axe. Ash shudders and groans and retreats into the woods. The Alder woman soon follows. Anodos chastises himself for falling into her clutches after repeatedly being warned against her.
Pulling himself together, Anodos stumbles out into the dawn and goes on his way. Fairy Land seems drab and meaningless. He concludes that someone must have cut down the tree that anchored the Ash spirit. Anodos concludes it was probably the unnamed knight arriving in time to cut down the tree and save Anodos.
Anodos walks until he comes to a farmhouse, where he is met by a matronly woman and her small daughter. The woman calls him a “poor boy” and invites him in for food and motherly comfort. Anodos is nettled to be called a boy, but he feels as small and foolish as a boy and bursts into tears. The woman comforts and mothers him until he spills his whole story. She assures him that he is safe for the night, and it is no wonder Ash and Alder were able to fool a child like him. The farmwife explains the Alder woman’s nature is that of a vain woman who cultivates a superficial beauty and craves the validation of every man she meets. It makes her very attractive, but it destroys her from within. She will eventually crumble away to nothing. This is what the farmwife learned from a wise man who met the Alder woman and fared no better than Anodos for all his wisdom.
The woman tells him not to repeat his story to her husband because her husband can’t see the Fairies and won’t believe him. The farmer soon enters—a laughing man, kind and jovial. He remarks that the pigs need to be fed and fattened, adding that gluttony isn’t against the commandments for pigs. His entrance seems to rob the room of its magic, and Anodos wonders if all his adventures weren’t the result of a “diseased imagination.” When he looks at the farmwife’s little daughter reading in the corner, the magic of Fairy Land is restored.
Their son soon enters, and Anodos observes that the son believes no more than his father in Fairy Land, but his disbelief is sneering and contemptuous. The father advises Anodos to be careful if he travels east. There is a house where the children say an ogre lives (he adds that it is nonsense, of course).
Anodos wakes in the morning and looks out at the prosaic farmyard, and he doesn’t believe in Fairy Land. When the farmer and his son have gone out, however, Anodos confesses his doubts to the farmwife and her daughter. They take him to a window looking out over Fairy Land, and as soon as he sees it, Anodos’s belief and longing flood back.
The farmwife sends her sullen son to lead Anodos to the path that will take him around the ogre’s house without coming too close.
The farmwife’s son, whether through malice or mistake, leads Anodos to the path that goes right past the ogre’s house. Anodos spies a hut built with one end against a cypress tree. Anodos ignores his misgivings and looks through the half-open door. He sees a lamp burning and a woman bending over a book. Anodos is irresistibly compelled to enter.
When he does, the woman begins to read aloud from the book. The gist of the text is that darkness is the true nature of reality, and humans are a passing flame. Anodos explores the cottage—though it seems hardly worthy of being called a cottage. He spies a door in a corner and feels compelled to open it. The woman warns him that he had better not, but that only makes Anodos more intent on doing so. Opening the door, he sees a couple of brooms, a hatchet, and an empty space, which he soon recognizes is a night sky. A dark figure rushes toward him, then appears to pass through him and away, but when he turns around, he doesn’t see the shadow.
The woman tells him his own shadow has found him; everyone has a shadow (which he probably calls by another name in his own world) that ranges up and down looking for them. Anodos’s shadow has found him because he has met the Ash spirit. She then lifts her head, and Anodos sees her long white teeth. He realizes he has strayed into the house of the ogre. He leaves the house with his shadow on his heels.
Anodos wanders Fairy Land for some time, continually plagued by his shadow. Whenever he lies down, the shadow lies down nearby and scorches the grass and flowers where it lies. It radiates gloom like a black sun and robs the landscape of its joy, even darkening the sun.
In his wanderings, Anodos encounters again the unnamed knight. This time, the knight’s armor is less rusty. The rust has been beaten away in his battles since they last met. He seems less downcast. Anodos realizes that the knight has gone some way toward redeeming himself after his own encounter with the Alder woman. The knight never entered the house of the Ogress and thus never opened the closet and been found by his shadow.
They travel together, and Anodos comes to love the knight for his nobility. Anodos is near the point of confessing his encounter with the ogress and asking for advice or at least comfort from the knight, but the shadow wraps itself around the knight, and Anodos no longer trusts him. They part soon after that. Anodos begins to become rather vain about his shadow. He prides himself on the clarity and practicality of his view of “reality” in the guise of the mundane world.
One morning, he encounters a maiden in the wood. She is a young woman, but Anodos can’t help seeing her as a child for her innocence. She carries a crystal globe, which she greatly treasures. He reaches to touch it, and she draws back but finally allows him to touch it very gently. It makes a sweet sound. When they have walked together for a few days, his shadow falls over the girl, and his desire to touch the globe grows so great, he can’t resist it and takes hold of it. It shatters and the maiden flees.
Next, Anodos comes to a village in which the people seem just like villagers in the mundane world. They tend to avoid him, and whenever he comes too close, they appear distorted like the reflection in a spoon. Anodos finds himself attracted to a pretty girl. After some flirting, she provokes him to kiss her. As he approaches, her face becomes “hideous,” her mouth stretched wide enough for half a dozen to kiss her at once.
Moving on, Anodos passes through a bleak and arid region peopled by goblin-fairies who offer him gold and jewels, pretending to honor him while sneering behind his back. He follows a stream in the desert until it brings him to a backwater of the river where a boat awaits him.
The river carries him through an increasingly beautiful country to a palace. Exploring the palace, he finds a room with his name on the door: Sir Anodos. Entering, he finds it identical to his room at home. He is served food and wine by invisible hands. When he goes to bed, he half-hopes and half-fears he will wake in his room back in the mundane world.
The appearance of the unnamed knight in rusty armor fulfills the foreshadowing in the passage contained in the book in the cottage between the oaks. Having just read that passage, Anodos recognizes the knight without saying that he is definitely Sir Percival. Anodos’s recognition gives the reader a history for the knight without it having to be spelled out. In the beginning, the knight plays the role of a mentor or father to Anodos. He has already passed through the trials that Anodos still has to face; rather than letting Anodos suffer the consequences of his foolishness, the knight saves the young man from the worst consequences of his folly with the Alder woman.
The knight advises Anodos to avoid the Alder woman, but young and headstrong, Anodos loses no time falling afoul of her. He tries to summon the Marble Lady to him, compelling her rather than allowing her to lead him—an act of pride and vanity. He has no right to command the Lady, and by doing so, he is misled by a false ideology, and he must be saved by an older and wiser man.
This part of the Bildungsroman is about sexual maturity, a theme expressed in several scenes, and Anodos has several different experiences in The Realm of the Feminine. The scene with the Alder woman is a metaphor for a sexual encounter—surrounded by symbols representing the feminine such as caves, water, emotion, and the Alder woman herself. The Alder woman is a huldra, a Scandinavian woodland spirit with an insatiable sexual appetite. By trying to summon the Marble Lady, Anodos demonstrates a youthful male entitlement to the feminine, whether sexually or in its metaphorical associations, and this entitlement leads him to grief.
After the episode with the Alder woman, Anodos is hurt to be called a child by the farmwife, but he can’t protest because he knows that he has shown himself to be a boy and not yet a man. He breaks down in tears of gratitude for her mothering. The motherly woman provides the wisdom and nurture Anodos needs to restore his confidence in himself.
A similar subtext appears in the scene where Anodos breaks the maiden’s globe—representing her heart. Anodos is careless of her feelings and greedy to test the magic of her love, but his aggressive mishandling breaks her treasured toy. Anodos imposes on her the same way the Alder woman imposed on him. Anodos’s feelings about his experience are too narcissistic (immature) for him to extend them to the maiden.
Anodos’s next encounter contains a sexual element as well. He is “seduced” to the point of kisses with the village girl, but when he sees her more clearly, he finds her unattractive.
This section of the story also explores Anodos’s/MacDonald’s sense of alienation from his own neighbors. MacDonald saw a decency in the common country people around him that he found admirable enough, even if it wouldn’t have satisfied him. It seemed to him to rob the world of beauty/truth/enlightenment. The farmwife’s son is exactly the unpleasant and malicious atheist one might expect from a Christian theologian writing a Christian allegory. Her husband, however, is a kind and happy man, perfectly satisfied to live without Fairy Land and indulgent of his wife’s and daughter’s “silliness.”
Later, Anodos stays in the village full of people like those in the mundane world. Like the author, Anodos finds that whenever he comes too close to those ordinary people, they become “grotesque,” and they seem to avoid him as well. There is something in Anodos (and the author) that makes him an alien even where he should fit in.
In entering the ogress’s house, Anodos is once again doing exactly what he has been told not to do. His irresistible compulsion is evidence of immaturity. On the other hand, Anodos’s name means “making your own path to enlightenment.” All the well-intended advice comes from outside himself, but the only true path to enlightenment comes from within.
Later, Anodos thinks of the hut of the ogress as the Church of Darkness, based on the passage the woman reads from the book. The passage is the opposite of the author’s own belief that light is the natural state of the world and darkness is an intrusion.
When Anodos opens the closet door, the first thing he sees is a couple of brooms, and the second is a hatchet. The brooms immediately suggest witches, which warn the reader—if not Anodos—that the ogre is more (and worse) than she appears. The hatchet is a clear warning of death, though the innocent Anodos also misses that hint. The shadow is the Shadow of Doubt: doubt in Fairy Land, doubt in Truth, doubt in Enlightenment. If he embraced it, this doubt might enable him to fit in with his mundane world, but it would be at the cost of beauty and magic. He debates the cost/benefit of that choice.
The next part of his quest leads him through a desolate landscape in which he is offered gold and jewels—worldly wealth. That wealth is offered by goblins—wicked, malicious people representing the goblin of selfishness. If Anodos should pursue worldly wealth, he would be surrounded by unpleasant people in a sterile wasteland.
Coming to the palace, he finds within it his own childhood bedroom. The room offers a temptation to Anodos; in it, he has already received the title of knight (representing Masculinity and Manhood). He has servants and all the common comforts of the world he left. The question is whether he will be satisfied with enjoying all the perquisites of manhood without having earned them.
This section also alludes to the theme of The Power of Imagination and Storytelling in two incidents. First, the Alder woman lulls Anodos to sleep with a tale that is not recalled by Anodos and thus not recounted to the reader. The story here was less important than its power to compel and control. Later, Anodos sees a woman in a cottage reading at a table by candlelight, and the image lures him into the space. She reads to him about the eternal nature of darkness, foreshadowing the emergence of Anodos’s shadow, which is soon released from the closet in the cottage.
By George MacDonald