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43 pages 1 hour read

Gary Paulsen

Northwind

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2022

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Chapters 5-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary: “Whale Song”

The raucous noise of bird calls awakens Leif, and he worries the birds are signaling that a predator is nearby. Leif is starving and knows he must leave the island in search of food. Taking one last look at Little Carl’s Cairn, Leif paddles away northward. He searches for a place to land where the water is shallow enough for fishing, but the craggy coastline makes his search difficult. He spots a low-hanging branch filled with blackberries, and after paddling over, he begins eating them by the fistful. Leif eats until he worries that he will be sick, and as that thought arises, he hears the familiar sound of a black bear. The sight of the bear turns his stomach, as he remembers all the terrifying things he has learned about the aggressive nature of bears. Old Carl taught Leif about the different species of bears, always insisting that “nothing was worse than an angry bear” (64). Some people even claim that bears are just like humans. Fortunately, the bear walks away, and Leif paddles on despite working against the current.

Soon Leif sees a shallow inlet, an ideal place to camp. Using a willow branch, he constructs a fishing spear to catch salmon. The first time he tries, he misses. Realizing that the water distorts the view of the fish, Leif adjusts his aim and spears a large female salmon. Leif eats some of the eggs while cleaning and preparing the fish. Leif then paddles to a small island to cook the fish so as not to attract the bears. He makes a fire, roasts the flesh, eats it hungrily, and then prepares a stew with the eyes, head, and liver. Revived by the food, Leif rests and dreams of Little Carl, his mother, the bear eating the berries, and the whales.

Chapter 6 Summary: “Wind Music”

Leif awakens to find a bird eating from his cook pot. The bird snatches the fish’s head and flies to the top of a tree, only to drop its prize before flying away. Leif desires to stay longer and continue rebuilding his strength, but the smell of his cooking will draw in the bears, so he packs up and leaves. When he looks back, two black bears are already scavenging his campsite.

Feeling at one with his paddle and the canoe, Leif moves swiftly through the water. For a moment, he leaves behind the pain of his loss and is present, at one with himself and his thoughts. Then the grief returns, and Leif considers his destination. He remembers Old Carl’s words to go north, but he isn’t certain of where his journey should end: “[N]orth was a direction, not a place” (82). In time with his paddle, Leif begins to chant a song about the north wind that blows into eternity.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Whales”

A pod of orcas surrounds Leif’s canoe, and in the same way he remembers from his sick days, the whales nudge his canoe as if they are playing with it. Entranced by their beautiful markings, Leif feels drawn to follow the whales as they instinctively swim into a shallow inlet filled with small, smooth stones. The whales glide back and forth over the stones in what Leif can only guess is a cleaning ritual. The adult whales go first to teach the younger orcas the process. Leif’s canoe is close enough that one of the adult whales is within reach. His internal monologue reveals his frustration with how the primal urge to touch the whale conflicts with his knowledge that he shouldn’t interfere with nature. His urge wins, and he lightly touches the fin as he and the whale make eye contact. The whale appears undisturbed by his touch, and Leif senses a moment of connection: “an open knowing had passed between them” (94). Noting a small scar on the fin, as the whales swim away, Leif knows he will always remember this whale and the connection they shared.

Chapter 8 Summary: “Hunger”

Inspired by the swift movement of the whale pod, Leif resumes paddling north. However, the wind is too strong, forcing him to take shelter in an inlet until the conditions improve. Now hungry, Leif uses his spear to fish right from the canoe, as the water is teeming with salmon. While he searches for an island away from the hungry bears where he can cook his fish, he sees that the orca pod has returned. Their movements are no longer playful, though, and Leif realizes they are also there to hunt the salmon. Leif watches in amazement as the orcas work in tandem with each other to “herd” the salmon into one area by blowing air bubbles into the water. The hunt churns the water so violently that Leif fears it will capsize the canoe. Above him, eagles and ravens circle opportunistically, waiting to snatch up any fish parts left behind. Leif notes the cunning nature of the ravens, who often outsmart the majestic eagles for the best bits. A raven lands on the canoe and tries to steal Leif’s salmon, but he bats it away with the paddle. The chaotic feeding frenzy leaves Leif astounded at the lengths creatures will go to abate their hunger. He vows not to become like an animal in his search for sustenance, instead “to see and be more than just what [he] shove[s] in [his] stomach” (108).

Chapter 9 Summary: “The Cook Camp”

Leif finds an island where he sets up camp for several days. He gathers wood, starts a fire, and builds a smoker for the fish. As fog rolls in and rain starts to fall, Leif creates a shelter with the upturned canoe. He cooks one fish, eats it quickly, and forages for blackberries. With a full belly, Leif falls asleep in his canoe shelter and dreams of Little Carl and the faceless image of his mother. He awakens to find ravens circling his smoker. He shouts and throws rocks at the birds, but they remain. He marvels at their determination and listens to their garbled calls, wondering what they are communicating to one another.

It is still raining, and Leif’s wet clothes remind him of working the ships, where he was never dry. Working on the ships was brutal, filthy labor, and he received regular beatings when he made mistakes. Leif considers that his life now isn’t without its dangers, but he is thankful for his autonomy. He enjoys that, much like the animals, he alone is responsible for his survival. After fishing and eating again, feeling blissfully free and content, Leif desires to commemorate the moment. He considers composing a chant but longs for something more permanent. Lacking the tools to carve stone, Leif resolves to carve his story into wood.

Chapter 10 Summary: “Current Sliding”

Leif settles into a rhythm. He paddles when the current is favorable, and when it isn’t, he goes ashore and waits for the current to shift. While he waits, he works on his carving and fishes to replenish his supply. Though not fully recovered from his illness, Leif grows stronger daily. He marvels at his growing capacity to survive: Recovery to this extent “was something he at first thought would be impossible yet now found himself doing with more and more purpose and force” (125). Birds of all types constantly surround Leif’s canoe waiting to steal his dried salmon. The ravens are particularly bold in their attempts. Smaller birds join the throngs of ravens and eagles waiting to scavenge small scraps. The orcas are there too, and Leif wonders what compels them to move north. Content with the pace of his life, Leif sleeps deeply.

Chapters 5-10 Analysis

Once Leif makes his peace with the loss of Little Carl, he is alone, and he must shift his focus from recovering from the trauma of the plague to ensuring his survival as he moves north by acquiring food and avoiding predators. The theme of Surviving Through Connection with Nature comes into focus as Leif teaches himself to spearfish and uses the skills he learned from Old Carl to preserve the fish for food stockpiling. Leif must also contend with sharing the land with bears and hone his skills for detecting bear activity, which includes carefully selecting his campsites to avoid conflict with the top predators. Though the bears frighten him, the swarms of birds actively torture him, threatening to steal his food cache; Leif must devise creative solutions to protect the food stores. His efforts exemplify his determination to survive and growing ability to solve his problems.

As Leif fills his belly and ensures his immediate safety, his mind can rest, and he begins to have moments where nature ceases to oppress him and instead inspires contemplation. The shift from constant survival mode is crucial not only to Leif’s mental health but also to his self-observation as he considers his place in the world. It is in the moments of rest that Leif conjures the idea to write down his story. Inspired by his memories of the events in his life and the nagging memory of his faceless mother, Leif resolves to document his life story to make the memories more tangible. This self-awareness becomes part of Leif’s Self-Discovery Through Coming of Age as he considers the many ways his life has been preserved and what he must do now. This decision also underscores the theme of The Power of Story to Preserve Memory and Heal, as Leif’s decision to archive his experiences allows him to process everything that has happened thus far, both good and bad. Reliving his experiences allows him to reflect on not only what he has lost but also the knowledge he has gained along the way. Each time Leif stops to fish or camp, he learns something new about nature and his place in the circle of life. His growing capacity to learn becomes his driving motivation, with his expanding survivalist knowledge reflecting his increasing spiritual and emotional maturity.

Whales as a prominent symbol in the narrative emerge again as Leif has two encounters with orca, or killer, whales in these opening chapters. In the previous section, Leif’s first encounter with whales is a fortuitous blessing, as a mother orca gently nudges the canoe to safety while Leif, weakened by the sickness, lies helpless inside. In contrast to the brutal efficiency of the sickness, this encounter represents a gentler side of nature; as much as nature can kill indiscriminately, it can also provide healing and comfort. Since Leif and Little Carl are motherless, the mother orca’s actions also symbolize the maternal care and affection they most need in their vulnerable state. In this section, Leif encounters orcas in two contrasting scenes, a cleaning ritual and a feeding frenzy, that push him further along his path toward self-actualization.

In observing the cleaning ritual, Leif engages in a new conflict via his internal monologue, man versus self, as he fights the urge to touch a whale. This internal battle reflects Leif’s struggle to find balance in his new reality. Connection to nature is now key to his survival. However, Leif is still committed to maintaining his humanity. Leif’s sense that he should abstain from touching the whale suggests his awareness that doing so will change him; indeed, it does, marking a moment of even deeper connection with nature. Leif’s engagement with his dueling instincts, in turn, represents his growing autonomy in shaping his identity.

By contrast, the second whale encounter is anything but gentle and comforting. The orcas’ violent feeding frenzy illuminates yet another facet of nature, making Leif keenly aware of the primal nature of animals. Whereas the cleaning ritual has an element of humanity, indicating the intelligence and compassion of these creatures, especially as the elders teach the young, the feeding frenzy is pure animal instinct. In Freudian psychology, the id controls the basest of bodily needs such as eating, eliminating, and procreating. Watching the whales mindlessly satiate their hunger, Leif has a very different reaction than he did to the cleaning ritual. In this case, he vows to avoid being controlled by his id; instead, he will aim for a higher purpose. He will maintain what he values most of his humanity. Through the whale encounters, Leif realizes what he desires for himself. Though he must connect with nature to survive, he craves more than just the satisfaction of primal impulses; he is seeking self-actualization and progression to a higher plane of existence.

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