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54 pages 1 hour read

Walter Dean Myers

Monster

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1999

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Themes

The Dehumanization of Prisoners

Monster begins with the lament of a 16-year-old boy after seven months in prison, and the depiction of the criminal justice and carceral system that follows shows brutality and cruelty. From the casual, likely illegal arrest Steve experiences, to the daily terror of potential physical or sexual assault, to the brutality and humiliation provided by prison guards, Steve and every other prisoner in the Manhattan Detention Center facility is subject to constant mental and physical degradation.

Myers makes a case that the dehumanizing of inmates—whether convicted criminals or prisoners waiting to be tried—is an inherent part of the criminal justice system. The best example of this in the story may be in the opening arguments of the prosecutor, who refers to the accused as monsters. Even though Steve is eventually acquitted, he finds that this label has left a deep psychic impact. Myers implies that the impact of Steve’s experience will last long after his release. Steve knows, whether he learns to accept himself or not, his months in prison have changed him negatively in the sight of his family and community forever. The reader suspects that this is true for many other prisoners, many of whom lament how the judicial system has a permanent, arbitrary hold on their lives irrespective of their guilt or innocence.

Myers’s depiction of life in jail contrasts with systems of justice focused on rehabilitation or reparative justice. Instead, the jail in Monster is a place of retribution and punishment. Implicit in this depiction is the idea that the brutal nature of jail should serve as a deterrent to crime. Though Myers resists making a direct comment about this, in some ways, Monster serves as a kind of warning, a literary “scared straight” program, via its gritty depiction of prison life for an audience of young readers. It is left to readers to make an evaluation as to the efficacy and relevance of this characterization.

The Justice System Versus Truth

Some of the prisoners Steve encounters note that the goals of the justice system—high conviction rates, the appearance of law and order—can conflict with the pursuit of the truth. Myers portrays the criminal justice system as an elaborate professional game where the courtroom is the playing field, the judge is the referee, the prosecutors and defense attorneys are players, and the jury is an audience vested with power. The figures with the least amount of power—those who are on the sidelines of the game—are the victim and the accused. In the case of Steve, as Sandra repeatedly warns him, the prosecutor knows she can convict him if she makes the jury perceive he is like the other defendant and the criminals she calls as witnesses.

Myers depicts this tension in several scenes. When the police arrive at the Harmons’ apartment to arrest Steve, they begin by pretending that they just want to ask some questions, then subvert due process by arresting and removing him without reading him his rights. At the precinct, they strive to coerce a confession from Steve by saying he has been named as a robber—and perhaps the shooter—of Mr. Nesbitt. Another prisoner laments that the prosecutor wanted to know why he did not tell the truth, which seems absurd to him since telling the truth would land him in prison for 10 years.

Steve recognizes the importance of telling the truth—especially to yourself—but he struggles to live up to his own standards. He journals at one point that those who were locked up were mostly likely there because they lied to themselves. He expresses his own concern that he might be engaging in similar self-deception, convincing himself into believing he is a good person. Moreover, his contradictions throughout the text serve as reminders to the reader that he is not a reliable narrator of his own story. Though the justice system in Monster prioritizes persuasive storytelling and conviction over objective fact, Steve is also unable to articulate the truth.

Art as a Creative Coping Mechanism

Myers seamlessly depicts how Steve turns his jail experience into a motion picture screenplay. Steve journals that he feels he is a spectator even as his life and future are being determined by others right before him as he watches helplessly. With his background as a filmmaking student, it comes naturally to him that the strange realities he is experiencing are like a movie he has set in motion, blocking out each scene and filming every interaction.

This reflects Myers’s own life, though he escaped into literature, not film. A voracious reader and writer from his youth, Myers still deals with the trials of life by converting them to stories. Ironically, considering that writing for Myers is a form of escapism, he is committed to helping young people face, understand, and overcome the very real problems of day-to-day living, as he explains in the book’s end matter.

After his acquittal, Steve continues to work on making movies, which he notes are in fact a part of his search for his identity. As Mr. Sawicki, Steve’s video instructor, says during his testimony, artists are revealed in the honesty of their creations. Film making and writing are only two of the art forms that simultaneously allow creative people the ability to cope individually with the hardships of life while producing that which is beautiful and lasting. Musicians, dancers, visual artists, chefs, sculptors, and other creatives manage their lives by escaping into that which is beautiful, unique, and personally expressive. 

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