52 pages • 1 hour read
Pedro MartínA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
It is 1977 in Watsonville, California. Pedro (Peter) Martín introduces himself and his family, noting both their Mexican names and the Americanized names they sometimes use. His parents are Mercedes and Pedro Sr., and his brothers and sisters are Salvador/Chava/Sal, Liduina/Lila, León/Leon, Noé/Noe, Ruth, Hugo, Alejandro/Alex, and Adán/Adam. Pedro is the seventh of the family’s nine children. Pedro’s siblings see him as a dreamer, obsessed with drawing comics and collecting action figures. The siblings often bicker with and tease one another, and Pedro’s older brother Noé is often critical of Pedro’s weight. Pedro distracts himself with television, especially the show Happy Days.
Although the house is already crowded, Pedro’s parents announce that they will be traveling to Jalisco, Mexico so they can bring Pedro’s abuelito (grandfather) back to the United States with them. Because the family has lived in the US since before Pedro’s birth, he has only seen his grandfather a few times. Abuelito seems very old and forbidding to Pedro, who notes that his grandfather lived through the Mexican Revolution “like, a hundred years ago” (11). Pedro looks at the pictures of family members on the refrigerator, explaining that the photos of the living are on the refrigerator door and the photos of the dead are on the freezer door. He jokes with his sister that he checks every day to make sure he is still among the living.
Pedro, worried about the cultural and language barriers between himself and his grandfather, is not convinced that it is a good idea to try to fit Abuelito into the household. Only his older sister Lila, whom he is close to and who is always kind to him, listens with sympathy to Pedro’s concerns. She tells him that Abuelito might not understand things like Star Wars, but that he has plenty of fascinating stories of his own to share with Pedro. She explains that their grandmother died many years ago of an embolism or aneurysm while eating an ice cream bar and that their parents have been trying to get Abuelito to come live with them for a long time. Lila tells Pedro to gather up his old toys and clothes, because they will be donated to the poor in Mexico to make room for Abuelito’s things. When he protests, Lila gives him her signature look of disappointment. Feeling ashamed, Pedro agrees and Lila promises him a trip to Kmart to buy a few new things.
The family goes to Kmart, and Apá (Pedro Sr.) tells the children they can only shop for essentials. He will whistle for them when it is time to go. The children fan out to look at toys, books, records, and other non-essentials that they plan to buy with the money they have earned picking strawberries. Pedro chooses a Green Arrow action figure and worries that Abuelito will think he is strange. He wonders if Mexican boys his age also collect action figures or if they only play with lassos and knives. He suggests to his father that they should get something to make Abuelito feel more at home. He suggests a knife or a lasso, but his father explains that Abuelito was not a fighter in the revolution—he ran a mule train to keep people on both sides fed. Sometimes he gave the federales food—like prunes—that would make it harder for them to fight. Pedro wants to hear more, but it’s time to go. His mother shows him a Spiderman shirt she thinks he will like. Pedro appreciates how hard she tries to understand him, even though she does not get things like this quite right—he has no interest in Spiderman. León buys a tape recorder so that he can record American radio music and listen to it on the trip, as he doesn’t like Mexican music. Pedro decides to record American television shows to keep himself entertained on the drive.
The family plans to take both a motorhome and a truck on the 2,000 mile drive to Jalisco. Sal, the oldest son, will drive the older children in the truck. Pedro will be with the younger children in the motorhome. The older children are comfortable driving on their own because they were born in Mexico and speak fluent Spanish. Hugo, Pedro, Alex, and Adam are American-born and tease their older siblings about having allegedly been born in an adobe barn. They call the older siblings “Barn Babies,” and in return the older children call their younger siblings “Hospital Babies” (36-37). Pedro’s parents work all night to pack and get the vehicles ready. In the morning, they have to redo some of their work because the children have been messing around in the motorhome before the trip, but eventually they get underway. As they depart, Pedro compares the motorhome to the Millennium Falcon from Star Wars.
The motorhome and truck stay in communication using CB radios that Apá has installed. Pedro watches out the back window of the motorhome, running to tell his father whenever he loses sight of the truck. León rents his tape player to the younger children for $3 a day, and they pass the time listening to tapes of television shows. They fight when one sibling rewinds to listen to the song “Shipoopi” over and over.
Pedro jokes about how difficult it is to navigate through a moving motorhome without getting hurt, comparing their Winnebago to a pinball machine in which the siblings are the pinballs. The boys must cooperate to accomplish tricky tasks like getting something to drink while the motorhome is moving. Pedro is impressed by his mother’s ability to manage tasks like this unaided, saying that years of traveling with the family has made her expert at pouring liquids and providing snacks while they are driving down the road. She has bananas stashed everywhere for snacks, but the boys do not especially want them. When the siblings get bored and start running around, Apá yells at them to stop unbalancing the motorhome while he is trying to drive it. Pedro watches out the window, pretending that it is a television and the billboards are commercials. He wishes he could stop to see the advertised attractions—like a giant artichoke—but Apá refuses to waste the money. Pedro is especially disappointed by Apá and Amá’s reaction to the Casa de Fruta Cup Flipper. The signs for this attraction—which is a man who flips cups of coffee while serving them—are fascinating to Pedro, and he badly wants to see the attraction. But Amá and Apá are disgusted by the whole idea of someone being so careless with breakable cups and refuse to support “this screwball” (57).
Whenever the family is driving to Mexico, they stop in Los Angeles to stay with one or another of the parents’ friends, usually one of the close friends that serve as godparents (padrinos) to one of the children. Pedro hopes they will stay with his own padrinos, because they will likely give him a gift of money. Apá is excited to show off his motorhome, and Pedro realizes that his parents are people just like him and that they, too, “want to look cool in front of their buddies” (59). When they arrive, Pedro is disappointed to find that they are staying with one of his siblings’ godparents. The adults listen to Mexican music and drink while the children get reacquainted. When the younger Martín children learn that their hosts’ children have also been instructed to pack up their old toys to donate in Mexico, they have fun going through the toys and playing with them. The two families’ children play a game of “Kmart.” Pedro puts handwritten price tags on everything and runs a “store” to swap some of their old toys and clothes with one another. When they get bored waiting for the adults to come to bed, Pedro and his brothers bundle up all the donations and their own new belongings and fall asleep.
In the morning, the women make chilaquiles for breakfast using the leftovers from the night before. Disconcerted to see how much has been added to the pile of charity donations, Apá decides that some will have to be tied to the Winnebago’s roof. Apá grows more tense as they get closer to the border. Pedro imagines that the many signs making announcements about the border are warning him that there will be no English and no American television when they cross into Mexico. He goes to the back of the motorhome to watch for the truck his older siblings are in. He worries about the family being separated at the border.
Chapters 1-5 introduce Pedro and his family and the premise of Martín’s plot: the family road trip to Mexico to pick up Pedro’s grandfather. The family faces some obvious challenges: They are a large family crowded into a small space, they do not have a great deal of financial security, and Amá does not speak fluent English. Despite this, Pedro’s sense of humor, the book’s bright and cheerful illustrations, and the narrative’s emphasis on relatable family dynamics create an approachable and light-hearted narrative that is focused on the richness of the Martíns’ family life, not its deprivations.
Pedro is open about both the positives and the negatives of being part of such a large family, signaling one of the story’s central themes: The Bittersweet Nature of Life. There’s not enough room for the whole family to eat together at the table, and the children have no private spaces of their own. The crowded-together Martín siblings bicker and tease one another: Pedro’s brothers comment on his weight repeatedly, for example. With too-few adults to supervise them, the boys often get into mischief, doing things like resetting the knobs in the Winnebago not once but twice, and their rough play sometimes creates chaos, as when Apá ends up swerving all over the road during the “Shipoopi”-inspired fight in Chapter 3. Yet, despite their conflict, the children are constant companions and clearly love one another intensely: Pedro appoints himself to stand in the Winnebago bathroom to watch over the truck carrying the older siblings, and he admits to being scared that they will become separated at the border, emphasizing the bond they share. As Pedro explains, “You can punch someone through a pillow really hard, call them a ‘fat head’ all day long but still love them enough to share a soda with them” (47). This idea—that a person can hold contradictory feelings toward the same person or situation—foreshadows the key lesson that Pedro will learn over the course of his character arc: it’s possible to feel happy and sad at the same time.
Pedro’s parents consistently model the kinds of behavior they want to see from their children, especially, The Importance of Caring for Others. Pedro clearly loves and admires his parents, despite the ways they frustrate him. Apá does not prioritize spending money on the things Pedro thinks are important, like the tourist attractions along their route to Mexico. Amá is constantly trying to feed the children unwanted bananas for snacks and cannot tell the difference between Spiderman and Superman. Yet, Pedro brags about his mother’s ability to pour liquids in a moving vehicle and compares his father to one of his heroes, Han Solo. Feeling that Abuelito needs them, Apá and Amá spring into action without hesitation. Through Pedro’s eyes, Martín characterizes them as generous, warm, and invested in their children’s happiness. Pedro’s mother tries to connect with him, and even though she is not always successful, he sees and appreciates her efforts. When Pedro makes insensitive comments about getting his grandfather a knife or a lasso so that he feels comfortable in Watsonville, his father does not scold him—he gently offers Pedro more accurate information about who his grandfather really is. Amá and Apá also consistently model generosity for their children, making sure that guests are immediately greeted and offered food and insisting that the children’s old clothes and toys should be donated to children in need.
The character arc that Martín builds for Pedro over the course of the story sees him grow from a place of insecurity and unfamiliarity with Mexican culture toward ultimately embracing The Richness of Mexican Culture as his own. Pedro emphasizes the dual cultural identity of the Martíns when he first introduces the family members by giving both their “Mexican” and their “American” names. Although the family lives in California and all its members consider themselves, to one degree or another, Americans, Martín frames their ties to Mexico as a core part of their identities. Pedro’s parents travel back to Mexico when they can and deeply value Mexican culture, traditions, and community, as evidenced by their commitment to traveling with a large collection of clothing and toy donations—to gift to children in need in Mexico. One of the largest panels in Chapter 2, “Solo lo Esencial,” for instance, features a detailed explanation of the “chun-ta-ta” Mexican music that is so important to Pedro’s older relatives (32), and the close-ups on the Winnebago’s pantry on Page 42 feature “all the comforts of home”: lard, rice, beans, and nopales. The family’s life clearly revolves around their extended Mexican American community—a community spread out across California and into Mexico.
Martín highlights the varied personalities, interests, and experiences of the Martín siblings to highlight the idea that there is a rich diversity within this core identity. For example, the siblings differentiate between the members of the family born in Mexico and those born in the United States. The younger siblings, born in America, characterize their Mexican-born older siblings as “barn babies,” and in turn the older siblings call them “hospital babies.” This divide partly fuels Pedro’s concerns about Abuelito coming to live with the family: Pedro has some misapprehensions about what Mexico is like, and he worries that his grandfather might find his interest in things like comic books and action figures strange and disappointing. He imagines that boys in Mexico play exclusively with things like lassos and knives—he will later learn that Mexican children have the same diverse range of interests as American children.
Chicanx Literature
View Collection
Coming-of-Age Journeys
View Collection
Family
View Collection
Graphic Novels & Books
View Collection
Hispanic & Latinx American Literature
View Collection
Inspiring Biographies
View Collection
Juvenile Literature
View Collection
Laugh-out-Loud Books
View Collection
Mortality & Death
View Collection
Newbery Medal & Honor Books
View Collection
The Best of "Best Book" Lists
View Collection
The Past
View Collection