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49 pages 1 hour read

James L. Swanson

Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer

Nonfiction | Biography | Adult | Published in 2006

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Chapters 4-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “We Have Assassinated the President”

Herold and Booth ride toward the safehouse at Surratt Tavern in Surrattsville, Maryland.

In Washington, people begin running from house to house to inform others of the president’s assassination. A crowd forms outside Ford’s Theatre to sit vigil for the president. Meanwhile, another group of messengers runs into town to inform of the attempted assassination of Secretary Seward. Secretary of War Edwin “Mars” Stanton had visited Secretary Seward earlier that evening. A little after 10 o’clock, a messenger arrives at Stanton’s house and informs him that Secretary Seward has been killed. Stanton goes to Seward’s house, where he is met by Navy Secretary Gideon Welles, who has just been informed of the president’s assassination. After seeing that Seward is alive, the two men decide to go to Ford’s Theatre. The president is meanwhile brought into the Petersen boardinghouse on 10th Street.

Herold and Booth arrive at the tavern. John Lloyd, the manager, gives them the field glasses, whiskey, and guns Mary Surratt had left for them that afternoon. They then leave. They head to a doctor’s house because Booth had injured his leg jumping from the balcony.

Dr. Leale and the other doctors do a full examination of Lincoln. Mary Lincoln is despondent. They find Lincoln is braindead. They make him as comfortable as possible. Stanton and Welles arrive at the Petersen boardinghouse. Stanton sets up a “field office” in a back room and begins to mount a response to the situation. He sends a telegram to General Grant and orders him back to Washington. He assembles a team, including Supreme Court Chief Justice Cartter, to begin the inquiry into the assassination. Witnesses are questioned and one identifies John Wilkes Booth as the assassin. Authorities are notified in Baltimore, New York, Alexandria, Winchester, and elsewhere to be on the lookout for suspicious characters. Detectives are summoned from New York.

Meanwhile, Atzerodt checks into the Pennsylvania House.

Welles prepares for the arrest and detention of Booth. He will be held on a boat to protect him from being killed by a mob. Booth’s room at the National Hotel is searched, where they find a “mysterious letter signed only ‘Sam’ that pointed to a large conspiracy against the government” (119). Detectives search Confederate sympathizer Mary Surratt’s Washington boardinghouse and question her about the whereabouts of her son, John Surratt.

At four o’clock in the morning on April 15, Booth and Herold arrive at the farmhouse of Dr. Samuel Mudd. Authorities have meanwhile expanded the manhunt to Delaware and Pennsylvania. Officials patrol the Alexandria coastline. Booth first met Mudd through a network of Confederate sympathizers he had liaised with in Montreal, a base of the Confederate Secret Service, in October 1864. One of them, Patrick Charles Martin, put him in touch with Dr. Queen in Charles County, Maryland, a stronghold of Confederate supporters, who introduced him to Dr. Mudd. Mudd introduced Booth to the Surratts. Mudd had agreed to help with Booth’s kidnapping plot. When Booth arrives at Dr. Mudd’s farmhouse, Dr. Mudd sets Booth’s broken ankle and offers to let him stay the night. Dr. Mudd doesn’t know about the assassinations.

Chapter 5 Summary: “Find the Murderers”

In the early hours of Saturday morning, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton reads the letter found in Booth’s bedroom confirming the conspiracy against Lincoln. He writes a letter to Major General Dix informing him that the president is dying, Booth was the assassin, and his accomplice had attacked Seward.

Lieutenant David Dana and the 13th New York Cavalry regiment meanwhile leave Washington and arrive in Piscataway, Maryland, where he notifies the cavalry in Chapel Point, Maryland, on the Potomac River to be on the lookout for Booth trying to cross over to Virginia.

At 7:22 am, President Lincoln dies. Everyone leaves the room except Stanton, who weeps over his body. Lincoln’s body is wrapped in a United States flag, carried out in a plain wood coffin, and taken to the White House. The Cabinet contacts Andrew Johnson and the oath of office is scheduled for 11 am that day. Newspapers speculate wildly about the events.

In Elmira, New York, clothing store owner John Cass tells John Surratt of the president’s assassination.

Atzerodt throws his knife into the gutter near Ford’s Theatre, where it is recovered by a passerby and given to the chief of police. Stanton continues to coordinate the investigation and manhunt for Booth. Authorities are searching throughout Washington, Maryland, and Virginia. The fear is that Booth will flee into the Deep South and evade capture.

The night Lincoln is assassinated, Booth’s friend John Matthews destroys the letter his friend had given him to be published in the paper for fear he would be connected with the assassin. Women with whom Booth had had relations are also worried that their connections to him will be discovered. One of them, a sex worker in Washington, attempts to take her own life.

In Maryland, Dr. Mudd makes Booth a pair of crutches after breakfast. In Georgetown, Washington, Atzerodt pawns his revolver for $10 to John Caldwell at the Matthew & Co. store. In the White House, the doctors autopsy Lincoln’s body and recover the bullet to preserve for history. Back in Maryland, Herold asks Dr. Mudd where he could get a carriage or buggy for Booth. They go to Mudd’s father’s house for a carriage, but they are not able to get one there. They decide to go to Bryantown to find one, but as they approach, they see the cavalry; Lieutenant Dana has commandeered a local tavern as a base of operations for the manhunt. Herold returns to the Mudd residence. Dr. Mudd goes into town where he learns of the president’s assassination and the manhunt.

Stanton, Justice Cartter, Clara Harris, and her father inspect the crime scene. Stanton orders the actors to recreate the play to learn more about the timing of the shooting. Then, he closes off the crime scene and has it photographed.

Around six and seven pm, Dr. Mudd returns home. He is angry that Booth has put his family in danger. He tells Booth to go to either William Burtles or Colonel Samuel Cox, Confederate sympathizers, and sends them away. On the way to Cox’s residence, Booth and Herold get lost. They are led through the swamp by Oswell Swann. They arrive in the early hours of Easter Sunday. Cox tells Booth and Herold to hide in a pine thicket “some distance from his house” (165). Cox sends his son to Huckleberry Farm to get Confederate secret service agent and expert river boatman Thomas A. Jones to assist the pair. Jones agrees to help the assassins cross the river into Virginia. Jones goes to Cox’s residence, gets the directions to the pair’s location in the thicket, and meets them there. He advises them to remain in hiding until the manhunt dies down and they can cross safely.

The “Sam” mentioned in Booth’s letter has been located in Baltimore and sent for. The Confederate leaders send a letter to General Grant denying any involvement in the assassination plot, but Stanton does not believe their claim.

Chapters 4-5 Analysis

Beginning in Chapter 4, the structure of the text changes slightly to follow two overlapping timelines. One timeline follows the acts of the “manhunters,” the soldiers, detectives, and government officials searching for Booth and the other coconspirators. The other timeline follows the actions of the hunted, particularly Booth and Herold. This creates narrative tension and dramatic irony because the text discloses details the characters do not know.

The book also creates dramatic irony in part through the description of the beginning of the Challenges and Setbacks for the Official Response to the Crisis. Initially, there is public panic and a confused sharing of information when “two armies of town criers, bearing word of separate attacks, collided in the streets” (96). Unlike in contemporary times, when news events can be shared instantaneously through television and social media, in the 19th century, it took time for the news of Lincoln’s assassination and the assassination attempt on Secretary Seward to spread. Once informed, the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton leaps into action. However, unlike today, there is no official plan to respond to what was at the time an unprecedented crisis. He is forced to improvise. One sign of this improvisation is that he sets up a command center in a back room of the Petersen boardinghouse whence he sends telegraphs to coordinate the investigation and the search parties to find the assassins. Despite Secretary Stanton’s immense responsibilities, Swanson takes care to humanize the historical figure by describing how “Lincoln’s god of war gazed down at his fallen chief and wept” (140).

Chapter 5 describes The Evolving Popular Reception of the Assassination through the inclusion of newspaper coverage of events. In the early 19th century, newspapers were a relatively new source of information. Stunned Americans followed the manhunt through newspaper coverage from the very beginning. Swanson includes excerpts of this coverage throughout the text to provide insight into what the American public would have known at the time about the assassination plot and its aftermath. One such excerpt comes from one of the first stories about the events in the Washington Daily Morning Chronicle which describes how “no sooner had the dreadful event been announced in the street, than Superintendent Richards and his assistants were at work to discover the assassins” (135). Swanson emphasizes how the newspaper coverage was not entirely reliable because they “published reams of unsubstantiated gossip” (142). Despite this unreliability, “the public devoured every word and clamored for more” (142). The standard for newspaper reporting was not as high then as it is expected to be now.

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