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53 pages 1 hour read

Susan Hood

Lifeboat 12

Fiction | Novel/Book in Verse | Middle Grade | Published in 2018

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Part 3, Chapters 13-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3, Chapter 13 Summary: “Wednesday, 18 September”

This section contains the poems “Awakening,” “A Decision,” “Change Places,” “Shelter,” “All Aboard,” “Supplies,” “Provisions,” “Water,” “Forbidden,” “Calculations,” “Water Rations,” “First Lunch,” “If Only…,” “Barriers,” “Understanding,” “Already Heroes,” “Bail, Matey, Bail!,” “Our Poor Feet,” “Passing the Time,” “A Tender Touch,” “Chins Up, Everyone!,” “Tension,” “The Loo,” “Raise a Flag,” “Sardines?,” “Questions,” and “God is Wise.”

In the morning light, no other lifeboats are visible except for the one from the Marina. Ken wonders how they were separated from the rest of the passengers and whether anyone survived. The Marina lifeboat decides to sail for Ireland, estimating they should make it there in about a week. Officer Cooper decides to stay where they are, near the sinking of the Benares, so a rescue ship can find them. Cooper has the passengers rearrange so they are sitting in groups, with British men in the stern, crewmen in the middle, and passengers at the bow. It’s a slow and delicate procedure to move in the boat without tipping or flooding. They all take turns sheltering under a canvas tarp, their only shelter against the elements. Out of boredom, Ken takes inventory of the passengers of Lifeboat 12: 46 in all, with 6 boys, 5 British sailors, 32 Lascars (Indian sailors), 1 businessman, 1 priest, and 1 woman.

Meanwhile, Steward Purvis checks what supplies the lifeboat contains. The compass is damaged, but the boat does have sailing gear, a bucket, a first aid kit, flares, and an assortment of other items. It also has some tins of food, such as sardines, salmon, and fruit, and 16 gallons of water. The boys are all desperate for water, and Ken looks at the surrounding saltwater longingly. Cooper orders everyone not to drink the saltwater, warning it will dehydrate and eventually kill them. Cooper decides that if a rescue ship does not come in a day, they will sail for Ireland, about 600 miles or eight days away. Steward Purvis calculates that for the water to last eight days, each passenger may have two small cups of water per day. Their first meal consists of one biscuit, one slice of corned beef, and one dipper of water. Each morsel must be handed down from person to person, and the process of distributing food and water to everyone is painstakingly slow.

Ken thinks of his parents and wonders if they have heard what happened to the ship. He wonders if Terry is safe and thinks about riding his homemade go-cart through the neighborhood with Terry. He longs to stretch his legs, but only Peard and Ramjam Buxoo are allowed to carefully move about the boat, translating and acting as messengers for the various groups of people on board. Ken can’t talk to any of the Lascars because of the language barrier, but he smiles at one of the younger ones, and both know they understand what the other is going through.

Derek and Billy were both separated from their younger brothers when the torpedo hit and don’t know if the little boys made it into a lifeboat or not. Father O’Sullivan says Derek and Billy are heroes for helping him out of his cabin when he was trapped, but the boys are too heartbroken over losing their little brothers to feel like heroes.

In addition to the cramped space, lack of shelter, and constant thirst, the lifeboat passengers also deal with ocean water in the bottom of the boat. No matter how much they bail, more water fills the boat’s base, and the salty seawater eats away at their feet. Paul’s feet are particularly bad because he has a cut on his foot. Miss Cornish kindly rubs the boys’ cold hands and feet to help with their circulation. To pass the time, the boys talk about whether or not they wanted to leave their families and go to Canada. Peard tries to keep everyone’s spirits up and surprises the boys by jumping into the water to swim. He clashes with Miss Cornish when he returns to the boat, ridiculing her for not having children of her own. Ken, however, thinks she would be a great mother for the way she takes care of them, and the boys start calling her Auntie Mary. They look out for her too, gathering around her and facing away when she needs to use the bucket to go to the bathroom. When Cooper announces that they need a flag to wave in case they want to send a signal, Auntie Mary offers her pink chemise (a woman’s slip or undergarment) to tie to the mast.

In the evening, they have their second meal: a biscuit, sardine, condensed milk, and a dipper of water. The night is long and cold, and Ken can’t help but wonder why the Royal Navy hasn’t come to rescue them. He overhears Ramjam Buxoo and Father O’Sullivan saying, “God is wise” and that they will do whatever “He” thinks is best (155). 

Part 3, Chapter 14 Summary: “Thursday, 19 September”

This section contains the poems “Routine, Ritual, and Risk,” “Time Stretches Out,” “Pushing On,” “Wind,” “The Hole,” “Afternoon Routine,” “Man Our Stations!,” “Which Would You Rather Be?,” “Pain,” “Remember?,” “I Spy,” “We May Die,” and “Chills.”

In the morning, as some of the Lascars rinse their mouth with saltwater as a ritual before praying, Ken notices that one of the men does not spit the seawater out. With no rescue ships or planes on the horizon, Cooper announces they will sail for Ireland. Some of the Lascars operate the Fleming gear, and they hoist the sail. As they start toward Ireland, Derek and Billy continue to worry about their younger brothers. The sailors slip into a routine of tasks, but the boys have nothing to do, and the boredom weighs heavily on them. Cadet Doug Critchley allows the boys to work the Fleming gear, and Ken takes a turn first, showing the other boys how it’s done.

Meanwhile, Paul’s feet worsen, swelling and oozing pus from open wounds. Ken hears Father O’Sullivan whisper “Trench foot” (165) to Auntie Mary and wonders if the same will happen to his own feet. The boys start talking about water, and Auntie Mary distracts them with a game of I Spy. It doesn’t last long as they look around and notice Paul crying and Father O’Sullivan suffering from fever. Auntie Mary next tries to assuage their boredom by telling a story. She tells an adventure story about a British pilot who was shot down and uses the boys as characters who rescue the pilot. She stops the story with a cliffhanger to keep the boys thinking about what might happen next instead of their discomfort. As night comes, the temperature drops dramatically; to make things worse, a wave comes over the side of the boat and soaks everyone. Mary reminds the boys they are the heroes in a true adventure, and heroes don’t complain or cry.

Part 3, Chapter 15 Summary: “Friday, 20 September”

This section contains the poems “The Millionaire,” “Hard to Swallow,” “Trench Foot,” “Suffering,” “Losing Hope,” and “Pack Up Your Troubles.”

In the morning, Mr. Nagorski, the businessman aboard the boat, spreads out his money to let it dry. This reminds the boys that their money was with the escorts, and now it is gone, sunk with the ship. Mr. Nagorski promises to replace the boys’ money when they get home, and they start calling him “The Millionaire.” The boys’ mouths are so dry that they can hardly swallow their lunch ration. Water is all they want and all they can think about.

Meanwhile, the water in the bottom of the boat eats away at their feet, which swell and blister. Paul’s feet start to turn black. Even though they are all cold, Ken notices that the men from India are probably the coldest of all because their clothes are thin. Most of them are stewards from the dining room, and not sailors, and none of them are used to the cold of Western Europe. He observes that some of the Lascars are Muslim, praying five times a day, while others are Catholic.

Everyone’s physical condition and spirits start to deteriorate. Upon seeing the hopeless faces around him, Ken shouts, “We’ll be alright!” (181). Mary continues telling the adventure story to the boys, featuring Bulldog Drummond, a famous British fictional character, as the story’s protagonist. Once again, she stops the story with the boys wanting more to give them something to think about.

Part 3, Chapter 16 Summary: “Saturday, 21 September”

This section contains the poems “A Visitor” and “A Good Day.”

With five days remaining until they reach Ireland, the passengers aboard Lifeboat 12 are visited by whales. They receive another welcome distraction as the sun sets and the colors are reflected in both the western and eastern skies, “like two sunsets at once” (186). Father O’Sullivan offers a prayer of thanks for these natural wonders, and Ken asks Auntie Mary to continue her story. This section ends with Bulldog in danger, and Ken assures the rest of the boys that he won’t die, saying, “Heroes can’t die” (189).

Part 3, Chapter 17 Summary, “Sunday, 22 September”

This section contains the poems “Rain!,” “Feeling Low,” “A Treat,” “Where’s Bulldog?,” “Smoke,” “Prepare for Rescue,” “The Ship Has Turned,” “Forsaken,” “No Sulking, See!,” and “The Tempest.”

Rain comes the next day, and they use the canvas sail to catch the water. However, the salt crusted on the sail taints the rainwater and makes it undrinkable. To boost everyone’s crushed spirits, Steward Purvis allows each boy to have a slice of canned peach, and Mary continues the adventure story. During the story, Ken spots smoke on the horizon. As it draws closer, they realize it is coming from a merchant ship. They shoot the flares, and Father O’Sullivan encourages the boys to pray. The ship sees Lifeboat 12 and turns toward them, and everyone celebrates as they prepare the boat for rescue. However, just as it approaches, the ship starts turning away. The promise of rescue gives way to disappointment and despair as the ship eventually disappears from sight.

Peard comes by and reassures the boys, scolding them for their tears. He says they’ve reached the sea-lanes through which many ships travel, and it’s only a matter of time before another one comes. A storm comes that night, and although it rains again, Ken can’t open his mouth to catch rainwater without seawater spraying him. Everyone is afraid and gets soaked by the waves, and they must concentrate on holding on and surviving the night.

Part 3, Chapter 18 Summary: “Monday, 23 September”

This section contains the poems “We Are Alive,” “Suck Your Buttons,” “An Idea,” “Look!,” “Light the Way,” and “Delirious.”

With only three days of the water supply remaining, the passengers of Lifeboat 12 are physically defeated, clinging to life, and miserable. Peard tells the boys to “suck yer buttons” (205) to produce saliva in their dry mouths. Father O’Sullivan tries to catch a seagull to eat, but Peard warns that hurting a seabird is bad luck and won’t let him continue. Cooper points at a gray mass on the horizon, and Ken wonders if it could be land. They sail all day toward the mass. When night comes, Ken feels feverish and has nightmares about Terry, his family, and drowning.

Part 3, Chapter 19 Summary: “Tuesday, 24 September”

This section contains the poems “Smoke and Mirrors,” “No More!,” “First Aid,” “Fading Fast,” “I Have One Question,” “Bulldog, Continued,” “Madness,” and “Screams Interrupted.”

In the morning, Ken learns that the mass is clouds, not land. Once again, Ken’s hopes are dashed, and he thinks of the sky and ocean as “cruel con artists” (212) that trick them. The waves pick up, soaking the passengers, but they eventually subside. When they do, the crewman Ken saw swallow saltwater several days ago stands up and jumps into the water. He cannot swim, and the waves soon sweep him away. Auntie Mary grimly explains that the saltwater compromised the man: “He went mad, boys” (215). Father O’Sullivan prays. Ken can see the suffering and mental strain of the crewmembers and asks Father O’Sullivan what he can do. Mr. Nagorski takes medicine from the first aid kit and rubs it on the feet of the crew, offering kindness and distraction for the men who just watched their friend die. The sun, wind, and salt take their toll on everyone’s bodies and spirits.

Ken begs Auntie Mary to continue the story, but this time, she struggles to oblige. The boys pitch in to help her remember the story, but she falls asleep before continuing the tale. In the night, Paul starts screaming for water. The pain in his feet overwhelms him. To calm Paul, the adults decide to give him a dipper of water, but after drinking it, he screams for more. Peard intervenes and downplays Paul’s request for more water. When Paul complains that his feet are cold, Peard wraps them in Critchley’s coat, and Paul calms down enough to sleep.

Part 3, Chapter 20 Summary: “Wednesday, 25 September”

This section contains the poems “Sunrise,” “Running on Empty,” “Islands Alone,” “The Keys,” “The End,” “I Wonder,” “Out of the Blue,” “A German Plane?,” “On Our Feet,” “And He Does,” “Too Rough to Land,” “Limbo,” “At Last,” “Salvation,” “Sick Bay,” and “Doctor’s Orders.”

The sunrise is beautiful but hard for the passengers to appreciate because it dawns on the day they will run out of water. Food is available, but no one can swallow it without water. The boys stop talking, retreating into themselves and feeling alone. Mary continues her adventure story and reaches the end. Without the anticipation of the story or the strength to begin another one, hope of survival wanes. Ken contemplates death, thinking about what it would be like to join his mother who died when he was an infant. As he looks at the sky, Ken sees a plane and starts to shout. At first, no one believes it’s really a plane, but Ken remains confident and starts to wave his pajama shirt. When Cooper realizes the plane is real, he fears it could be a German plane and orders everyone down. Ken, however, knows the plane’s shape and sound, and he identifies it as a Sunderland. Everyone starts to wave and pray, and the plane soon drops lower, as the pilot waves at them.

Signalman Mayhew starts signaling with makeshift flags with a code, telling the plane they are from the City of Benares. The plan signals back with a lamp, conveying the message that he is “low on fuel / radioing for help, / dropping food” (238). The food lands out of reach in the waves, and the plane leaves. As the minutes pass, everyone searches the sky for another plane. One soon appears and drops food at a reachable distance this time. No water is dropped, but the boys drink juice from cans of fruit. A note accompanying the food reveals that a rescue ship is 40 miles away. The ship, the HMS Anthony, soon approaches, and everyone celebrates as it pulls up next to Lifeboat 12.

The boys are too weak to pull themselves up on the lowered nets on the side of the ship, so sailors come down and carry them or pull them aboard. They can hardly walk because of their swollen feet and are ushered to the doctor. Ken hears that the crew suffered the most, and many of them lost fingers and toes. The doctor prescribes liquids only for the boys at first, although they ignore this and are sick after eating rich foods. The boys take warm baths and receive fresh clothing, but Ken makes sure his coat is not thrown away.

Part 3, Chapters 13-20 Analysis

Hood progressively increases the novel’s tension throughout the rising action of Lifeboat 12’s eight days at sea. She highlights the many problems the passengers face, including lack of shelter and the inability to stretch or move on the boat. Additionally, the passengers do not have the instruments to navigate toward land, and they suffer from the uncertainty of what to do and how far from land they may be. These issues take their toll on the passengers both physically and mentally. However, the predominate issues revolve around water, which causes the most misery of all. The lack of drinking water drives the passengers to delirium and dehydration, and the abundance of saltwater at the bottom of the boat eats away at the boys’ feet. Hood draws attention to the irony that water is both lacking and abundant through a literary allusion to the poem “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Ken thinks: “Water, water, everywhere / Nor any drop to drink” (133). Hood also addresses the logistics of survival on the lifeboat, such as using the bathroom and passing food and water from person to person. Hood’s visceral depiction of the days spent on the lifeboat captures the passengers’ extreme discomfort and fear. Additionally, vivid descriptions relay the difficulty of simply surviving and maintaining mental health in their dire circumstances.

Hood highlights the theme The Beauty and Power of Nature in this section. Ken acknowledges that the weather can be either a friend or an enemy to him as it provides the comfort of sunshine and a light breeze, yet also brings storms, extreme cold, and sunburn. The passengers aboard Lifeboat 12 experience both beautiful moments in nature and perilous ones. They enjoy a colorful sunset graced with a double rainbow, but when the night falls, the temperature plunges and waves crash into the boat, soaking everyone. They also see whales on the fourth day and recognize the magnificence of the creatures. Hood also shows how nature toys with the passengers’ emotions, providing hope and then taking it away. For example, when rain comes, it feels like a gift at first to have fresh water to drink. However, hopes are dashed when they find they have no way of collecting the rain without tainting it with salt. Similarly, a gray shape on the horizon makes the passengers hope that land is near, but they eventually realize it’s only a mirage. Through these juxtapositions, Hood demonstrates that nature can be unforgiving and has no feelings of pity for those under its power. Simultaneously, she shows the beauty of nature, recognizing that it is both terrible and great.

Hood provides information about several of the passengers aboard Lifeboat 12. She conveys the many differences between the people aboard yet shows that their shared survival experience provides common ground among them. The language barrier in combination with the seating arrangements in the boat and the inability to move around separates the people on the ship into three groups, which Ken refers to with the metaphor of three islands. Hood uses enjambment to indicate the slow, delicate process of moving around in a full boat when passengers initially move into their groups: “slow- / ly, / care- / fully, / one / by / one, / we re- / arrange / our- / selves / so as / not / to / tip, / or / flip, / or / flood / the boat” (128). Despite the separations between those aboard, Ken makes a connection with one of the young Indian sailors simply through their shared experience. Although they cannot communicate verbally, they can understand how each other feels and find a sense of common ground despite their cultural differences. When the merchant ship draws near, Hood provides quotes of various shouts from the passengers to showcase both differences and similarities of the passengers. Religion, a recurring motif, also helps the passengers find connection with each other. Most of the passengers are either Muslim or Catholic, and Hood highlights the importance of prayer throughout their ordeal. She shows that in times of crisis, people often turn to God. Even though they are praying in different languages, they share their need to put faith in a higher power.

Hood suggests that one of the most difficult struggles the boys on Lifeboat 12 face is boredom. She highlights the mental toll the situation takes on the passengers as they are surrounded by endless sea, feel only discomfort, and have little to do but sit and hope for rescue. Ken tries different activities to interrupt his boredom, such as singing, playing I Spy, and helping to row with the Fleming gear. However, the most helpful method of distraction proves to be Auntie Mary’s story. The story keeps the boys’ spirits up and gives them something to think about and look forward to. Mary wisely pauses the story at exciting cliffhangers, knowing it will help distract them from their misery. Mary even includes the boys as characters in the story, making them heroes to bolster their toughness as they face another day at sea. As the days pass, the people aboard Lifeboat 12 become more mentally isolated, especially as the increasing dryness of their throats makes it difficult to talk. When Mary finishes the story, Ken feels like he has no reason to persevere, and hope slips away more than it already has. Through the role of the story and the steady decline of passengers’ mental health, Hood shows that survival is more than physical. It involves mental strength, creativity, and a willingness to help others.

This section of the novel ends with the climactic event of rescue. Ken is the one to spot the plane that saves the boat, and his knowledge of planes becomes invaluable as he identifies it as a British plane. Although he is young, he is the hero who sets the events of rescue in motion.

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