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85 pages 2 hours read

Wu Cheng'en, Transl. Anthony C. Yu

The Journey to the West: Volume I

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1592

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Chapters 21-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 21 Summary

Pilgrim fights the wind demon for many rounds. He uses his favorite transformative trick: He plucks out hairs, blows on them, and commands them to change; they each change into doppelgängers of himself. To counter this, the demon summons a hurricane that takes control of all the little monkeys and flings them around. There is only one who can subdue the demon: a bodhisattva named Lingji of Sumeru. Lingji defeats the demon, who reverts to its true form: a brown marten. Pilgrim is about to vanquish the brown marten when Lingji stops him and explains that Tathāgata must see the little rodent. The creature had stolen pure oil and fled because he feared he would get in trouble, and then turned into a demon. Pilgrim and Eight Rules can then rescue Tripitaka.

Chapter 22 Summary

The travelers reach the Flowing-Sand River, where another monster attacks them. Pilgrim can’t fight the monster because he can’t fight in the water. Eight Rules is also having trouble fighting the monster, so Pilgrim cloud-somersaults to ask Guanyin for help in gaining safe passage for Tripitaka. This is the third monster that Guanyin had told to protect Tripitaka, and she tells Pilgrim this. Guanyin sends Hui’an with a gourd to go with Pilgrim. If Hui’an summons the monster out of the Flowing-Sand River and tells him who Tripitaka is, he will serve him. Then, Hui’an can instruct him to string skulls together to make a raft with the gourd to ferry Tripitaka across the river safely. The monster is taken care of without another fight and continues the journey as one of Tripitaka’s disciples. As it turns out, the sight of the Monkey King made Wujing fearful.

Chapter 23 Summary

Tripitaka and his disciples continue their journey, and they come upon a farm occupied by a widow and her three daughters. The widow thinks Tripitaka, Pilgrim, Eight Rules, and Wujing would make good husbands for them all. Tripitaka pretends to be deaf and dumb, and he closes his eyes to calm his mind. Eight Rules believes they should listen to the widow’s offer, but Tripitaka kindly turns her down. Despite Tripitaka’s manners, the widow becomes upset and locks them outside of her home, refusing to serve them tea. Eight Rules is annoyed: He believes that the widow might have given them some food if Tripitaka had been more willing to listen to her. 

Eight Rules pretends he’s going to tend to the horse but instead goes to the back of the farmhouse to see the women. He tells the widow he’d like to marry one of her daughters. The widow blinds him with a handkerchief and says he can marry one of her daughters if he can catch one of them; he fails and falls on the ground, only to find himself bound there. Tripitaka, Pilgrim, and Wujing wake up in a grove of trees; the farmhouse and the women are gone. The women are bodhisattvas who left a poem behind: Tripitaka is virtuous because he resisted the urge to marry one of them, but Eight Rules did not. Eight Rules needs to reform himself, or the journey will be difficult.

Chapter 24 Summary

Tripitaka and his disciples arrive at a temple on Long Life Mountain, where a tree has been growing since before Heaven and Earth were separated. It’s a ginseng tree, and its fruit takes 9,000 years to grow and ripen. To add to their rarity, the tree only makes 30 fruits at a time. The ginseng is so named because the fruits look like human babies, complete with limbs, eyes, and ears. 

When Tripitaka and his disciples arrive, he is offered two of the ginsengs, but he recoils in disgust because they look like humans. He demands to know how anyone could eat such a thing. Eight Rules overhears some of the temple attendants discussing the fruits, so he persuades Pilgrim to pick some. Pilgrim uses a special golden mallet to harvest the fruits, but when he tries to harvest from the tree, the fruits fall and disappear.

Pilgrim summons the garden deity, who tells him how to harvest the fruit; if the fruit encounter the five elements, they will disappear or rot instantly. He manages to harvest three, and he, Eight Rules, and Wujing each eat a ginseng. Eight Rules eats his fruit too quickly and wants Pilgrim to get him more, but Pilgrim tries to impress upon Eight Rules that they should not take more than one each because of how much time it takes for the fruit to grow. The servants of the temple overhear and complain to Tripitaka that his disciples ate their fruit. Pilgrim is embarrassed and suggests they deny taking the fruit.

Chapter 25 Summary

Pilgrim creates a doppelgänger monkey, who knocks his own gold-ringed iron rod against the tree. The ginsengs fall and immediately disappear into the earth. Tripitaka and his disciples leave the temple. The Zhenyuan Immortal of the temple returns, and the attendants tell him what transpired. He follows Tripitaka and his disciples, catching up to them on a beam of light. When the Zhenyuan Immortal confronts Pilgrim about the ginsengs, Pilgrim denies ever visiting the temple. The Immortal and Pilgrim fight, but the Immortal takes them back to the temple. He threatens to fry Pilgrim in a giant pan of oil for killing the ginseng tree, but Pilgrim uses his powers to escape this fate. When the Immortal decides to fry Tripitaka instead, Pilgrim returns to volunteer himself. 

Chapters 21-25 Analysis

When fighting the Yellow Wind Monster to recover Tripitaka, Pilgrim shows he is more willing to ask for help than being full of false pride and believing he is too great to lose a battle. While he doesn’t lose against the Yellow Wind Monster, he knows he alone cannot conquer the monster. Therefore, he seeks the help of a bodhisattva. Once Tripitaka has all of his disciples, his journey can continue—it’s not only their bodies or protection he needs but also their less tangible qualities: Monkey’s mind, Pig’s fortune, and Wujing’s purity. The text associates these traits with these characters and gives them to Tripitaka because the text insists that any spiritual journey requires these qualities.

On the farm of the bodhisattvas, Eight Rules proves himself unable to resist temptation. He is hungry for food and greedy for a bride. These worldly desires prevent his spiritual growth and improvement; the travelers are all warned that Eight Rules has one more chance to redeem himself. Though it’s not Pilgrim’s idea to harvest the ginsengs, this action hearkens to his theft of the immortal peaches. When the ginsengs react to the five elements—for example, sinking into the earth or rotting wood—they are undergoing an alchemical process to change states. When the Immortal catches up to them, Pilgrim denies visiting the temple. Pilgrim lies and does whatever he can to escape punishment. It’s only when Tripitaka’s life is threatened that Pilgrim returns and offers to sacrifice himself in one of his few selfless acts in the first 25 chapters of this epic.

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