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44 pages 1 hour read

Alice Hoffman

Incantation

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2006

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Soul”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “Ashes”

Content Warning: The source material deals with death, torture, and antisemitism, as well as hate crimes and cruelty to animals. Descriptions of violence and grief feature prominently.

The village of Encaleflora, named after the lime flower that grows there, has been the home of Estrella’s family for more than 500 years. As the book begins, Estrella smells the burning pyre coming from the Plaza at the center of the village, and her neighbor and best friend, Catalina, runs over with her so they can see what is causing it. The two friends join the crowd outside of a palace that once belonged to a duke and see that soldiers have made a pyre to burn books. Estrella watches the soldiers laughing at a crying rabbi who wears a red circle on his coat to mark his status as Jewish. His books are being burned as part of Spain’s suppression of Jewish books, medical knowledge, and alleged magic. 

The Plaza itself is known for being in front of the palace; as a barracks and prison where decrees are also placed, the palace is the center of village life. It is also where people fetch water from the well.

While no one comes to help the Jewish man, Estrella makes eye contact with him before being discovered by her mother, Abra. Her mother frightens her and brushes sparks from the fire out of Estrella’s hair. Her mother is frantic and worried as she grabs Estrella so hard it hurts. Abra then drags Estrella away from the pyre by her hair. As Estrella is forced to leave Catalina behind, she turns back and sees the soldiers kicking the rabbi.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Bones”

After the burning in the Plaza, the neighborhood is filled with the noise of people shouting, throwing things, and smashing windows. Publicly, the town fathers accused the Jewish population of stealing from them, but Estrella is suspicious of this because she has seen the juderia, the neighborhood where Jewish people are forced to live. She has seen the poverty that exists in this segregated neighborhood and doesn’t understand why people accuse Jews of stealing just because some work in moneylending.

The turmoil in the village causes people to turn to Estrella’s grandfather for guidance, as he has a reputation as a great teacher. Despite his active role in teaching the boys of the community and counseling his neighbors, he has very little to do with Estrella. She sees him as an intimidating man who only teaches the smartest pupils. 

During the chaos outside, Estrella’s grandmother keeps her from going next door to see Catalina. She unexpectedly gives Estrella a beautiful pearl necklace that she and Estrella’s grandfather have been holding on to for a long time. Even though the two are not close, Estrella hugs her grandmother. She sees that fear and confusion have affected how her grandmother shows affection, and the pair reach a new understanding. 

That night, men are still gathered in Estrella’s grandfather’s study in a room under the stairs of the cellar, where Estrella is not allowed to go. Estrella is woken up from a sound sleep by her mother, who wants to go shopping in the Muslim quarter. Even though the Muslim neighborhood is separated like the Jewish one, people are free to go in and out of it to visit the stores. While Abra mostly uses her time in the quarter to sell her dyed yarn, she and Estrella always visit a particular woman there to share mint tea. This woman is the wife of a Muslim doctor, and she wishes to make a beautiful blue coat for her husband. Abra and this woman have a lot in common, including the love each has for her husband. In the garden where they sit is a red lily said to have turned red because of the perfect love the woman feels. On these visits Abra, who is a healer, brings her cures, as the woman is sick with a condition her husband cannot treat. When Abra and Estrella return home, Abra turns to her cards to ask fate what will happen to the woman. Though she says nothing, Abra is clearly unhappy with the answers she receives and doesn’t pull the cards out again for a long time.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “Grass”

Abra and Estrella take one of their many trips to the hills above the village to collect plants for Abra’s work. They go on this day because it is Rosh Hodesh, the beginning of the lunar month (though Estrella knows that this is a “secret name” for the occasion, she does not recognize it as a Jewish tradition). The plants they gather are used for healing or dying the wool that Abra sells. Estrella treasures these trips and tries to remember all that Abra teaches her. Catalina once asked about these trips, worried that there were witches at work in the hills. Estrella dismissed her easily and laughed at the idea.

From above, the village looks small, but Estrella’s mother only looks up to the sky, which she describes as the shade of “tears.”

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “Heart”

Living with Catalina is Andres, her cousin. Estrella tries in vain to restrain herself from fondly watching him, because she believes Andres and Catalina are going to marry one day. As Catalina and Estrella pass the time by idly planning their future, Catalina catches sight of the pearl necklace Estrella is wearing underneath a scarf. Estrella makes up a story about wearing the necklace to show Catalina. In reality, Estrella wanted to wear the necklace to feel more assured around Andres. When she speaks to Andres she is able to make him laugh before she runs back to Catalina. Catalina remarks that Andre looks “foolish” and scolds Estrella for indulging his teasing, oblivious to the romantic undertones of their interaction. Estrella lies to Catalina for the first time by denying staring at Andres. 

When Luis, Estrella’s brother, returns home for a week’s break from seminary, the family celebrates. All the neighbors step out to greet him, and he makes time for every single one. At dinner, the family wears fancy clothes, and the priest from their church, Friar deLeon, joins them. Because it is Friday, the grandmother lights the candles, and Estrella questions why their family crosses themselves differently than their neighbors, including Catalina’s family. Luis answers, “We do it this way so God knows what’s in our hearts” (21). Estrella focuses on how Luis’s return makes the family very happily, even causing Estrella’s grandmother to pronounce the dish Estrella made “delicious.” 

Because Luis has returned, Estrella must sleep on a mat next to her mother’s bed, but because of Luis’s kind nature, Estrella doesn’t mind. Luis is exhausted from seminary but still finds time to help his mother. However, he doesn’t recognize Catalina when she comes by the yard and accidentally insults her by thinking she was a hired worker. This angers Catalina, who complains to Estrella. A distance grows between the friends, but Estrella tries to break the silence by pointing out a dove as they walk back from the well. Catalina is happy to correct Estrella’s mistake and tells her that the dove, which symbolizes good luck, is actually a hawk. 

Catalina invites Estrella over for dinner, saying that her mother has made hot sausages, and Estrella is surprised that Catalina doesn’t remember that Estrella never eats sausage (Estrella earlier says that her family “prefers” vegetables). She claims stomach issues to avoid dinner. 

After this interaction, Estrella finds comfort in her pet pig, Dini, and brings him along when spending time with Luis. On Luis’s last day home, Estrella returns to the fields to be alone. She recognizes the hawk that she saw with Catalina. It keeps the songbirds from the sky and cannot be enticed to come down even when offered bread and orange slices. 

The next day, she climbs an olive tree to speak to the hawk. Despite spending an hour there, she does not succeed in making the hawk into a pet and is disappointed. From this vantage point, she can see Andres working. She makes a silent bargain that if he walks over to her, they were meant to be together. Andres does indeed come over, and the two talk about their new distance from Catalina. Andres offers to be a person Estrella can talk to. They don’t look at each other but watch the sky. The hawk leaves.

Part 1 Analysis

From the beginning of the book, Alice Hoffman uses foreshadowing to create a sense of dread and urgency. The opening images of fire and smoke anticipate the Inquisition’s execution of the crypto-Jewish community. The narration aids in foreshadowing by obliquely referencing future events. On page 6, for example, Estrella thinks, “We thought nothing would ever change.” The implication is that Estrella is speaking from an indeterminate point in the future and now knows better than her past self’s complacency. Another example occurs in the context of Estrella’s disintegrating relationship with Catalina, which is marked by Catalina’s envy: “It was the first time I’d lied to her. But it would not be the last” (19).

Estrella’s relationship with Catalina is core to the novel and in part a vehicle for Hoffman to explore Jealousy and the Appearance of Wealth. The differences between the two families are subtle; Estrella notes, for example, that her family has silver candlesticks where Catalina’s does not, but the girls are not markedly different in social standing. Nevertheless, Catalina’s ambitions are apparent when Estrella reflects that her friend disapproves of her own father’s trade as a cobbler. These ambitions slowly begin to chip away at the girls’ friendship. The pearl necklace has already been introduced as an object of Catalina’s envy; the hawk, which comes to symbolize Catalina and the threat she poses to Estrella, also appears in this section. Estrella and Andres’s growing closeness puts further strain on the girls’ friendship. However, it is Abra’s lesson to Estrella that foreshadows the change Estrella will make when it comes to dealing with Catalina. During their visit to the hills, Abra encourages Estrella to have confidence in who she is: “[S]he explained that it was all right to say No. I disagree. That was a gift. I understood it was power. The power to think my own thoughts. The power to believe in myself” (17). Estrella’s ability to stand up for herself is crucial to Finding Identity Within Traditions different than the Christian one with which Estrella initially identifies.

Abra’s message resonates thanks to Estrella’s deep respect for her mother. Estrella models herself after her mother, turning to the future for guidance as Abra does and using the mediums Abra teaches her to understand the messages she receives. Under her mother’s watch, Estrella tries to meditate using a bowl of clear water, a symbol that the text associates with life and change. She also places a lot of credence in the dreams she has of a gate leading to a garden. That these gates provide the structure for the book, with each chapter named after one of them, highlights their significance: They are deeply tied to the afterlife Estrella’s mother and grandfather believe is waiting for them. However, Estrella cannot understand the religious significance of her dreams until she learns about their hidden Jewish identity. The other lessons she learns from her mother also need the context of Judaism to be fully comprehensible. For example, the decision to go out to the hills only on certain days is driven by the lunar calendar and the start of the month.

While Estrella has been trusted with the fact that certain parts of her family’s lives—like Rosh Hodesh, or her grandfather’s “secret” name for her grandmother—are secret, she does not understand the stakes. She simply associates these secrets with intimate moments of family life. Hoffman, however, provides hints as to both Estrella’s identity (her family’s dislike for pork) and the risks associated with things like the Old Testament names. The latter strike Estrella as “sound[ing] like glass, something broken and strange” (13)—imagery that evokes danger and violence. Estrella’s ignorance of such implications makes her narration sound younger and more naive at the beginning of the book. When she worries, “[E]ven the pigs in the yard were frightened by the noise in the Plaza. Poor Dini, my special pet, hid under the porch” (11), her concern for her pet and not the people under threat creates an ominous irony. As Estrella learns the truth behind the insult for Jewish people—“marranos,” meaning “pigs”—Dini’s dangers will parallel her own.

Estrella’s naivety contrasts with Luis’s maturity and intelligence. Their grandfather—implied to be a repository of learning within the crypto-Jewish community—has focused his attention on teaching Luis. Luis bears the responsibility for the family’s identity as well as he can, but it has forced him to grow up prematurely. In the time since Estrella last saw Luis, he has grown into a man. Estrella’s character growth will require her too to learn the truth in order to embody new identities as an adult and a crypto-Jew.

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