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54 pages 1 hour read

Thomas Harris

Hannibal

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1999

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Chapters 21-40Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapters 21-25 Summary

In the Palazzo Capponi, Lecter—under the identity Dr. Fell—plays Bach's Goldberg Variations on the piano while looking at the “American trash tabloid” the National Tattler and its article about Clarice Starling (155). Lecter killed his predecessor but has killed no one since, as he has “found a peace” in Florence (156). He enjoys his new job and the access to archives and art that it provides. He is interested in Pazzi, who he notes has been “trained at Quantico” by the FBI (158).

Pazzi continues to investigate Dr. Fell. Pazzi feels forced to choose between capturing the criminal himself and redeeming his public reputation or turning Lecter in to Mason Verger for the large reward. He flies to Paris to call Mason's representatives with “information about Hannibal Lecter” (161). The representative advises him to talk to a Swiss lawyer, who will help arrange for the potential payment of “three million dollars for the doctor alive, no questions asked, discretion guaranteed” (163). He returns home and thinks about his wife and his honor. He wants to be able to give his wife the riches she deserves, and selling Lecter to Mason would allow for this.

Once he has “decided to sell Hannibal Lecter to Mason Verger” (168), Pazzi trails his target because Mason requires fingerprint proof of Lecter’s identity. After purchasing a silver bracelet, he approaches a Romani woman named Romula Cjesku and offers to arrange for her to be released from jail in exchange for her assistance. Since Romula has an infant child, she agrees to help. He asks her to pickpocket Lecter, but—importantly—he needs her to “botch it” (171). She carries her baby with a “concealed arm” (175), which will allow her to reach into Lecter's pocket. When Lecter catches her, he will grip the silver bracelet and leave a clear fingerprint.

Chapters 26-30 Summary

Romula, her friend Gnocco, and Pazzi follow Lecter around Florence. Inside the Santa Croce cathedral, Romula tries to approach Lecter. When she looks into “the red centers of his eyes” (181), however, she is filled with fear. She refuses to go anywhere near the evil Lecter. Instead, Pazzi relies on Gnocco.

Lecter visits the torture exhibit of the museum again and watches the crowds. Pazzi trails him, waiting for Gnocco to approach. Gnocco tries to pick Lecter's pocket, but Lecter grabs him in a “terrific grip” (190). Barely breaking his stride, Lecter stabs Gnocco in the leg and slices open his artery, walking away calmly. Pazzi rushes to Gnocco. He collects the bracelet and feigns calling an ambulance, allowing Gnocco to die on the street. Gnocco's death is attributed to a dispute between drug addicts, and Pazzi arranges for Romula and her baby to leave for Australia. As she departs, she tells Pazzi that he “gave Gnocco to Shaitan” (194). Pazzi sends the bracelet to Mason, who confirms that Fell is Lecter.

Chapters 31-35 Summary

In Sardinia, Mason's crew prepares to grab Lecter. The group is composed of four Sardinians and two Romans. The Sardinians are professional kidnappers, led by Carlo Deogracias and his brother Matteo, and are aided by another set of brothers, Piero and Tommaso Falcione. The two Romans are a director of pornographic films named Oreste Pini and his cameraman. Oreste has directed a snuff movie before, and he has been hired to film the pigs eating Lecter alive. As they train the pigs to eat human flesh, they play recordings that Carlo has made of “hellish screaming” (201).

Pazzi flies to Geneva, where a banker gives him part of Mason's reward. He is told that the rest will be placed in escrow until Lecter has been captured. Seeing $3 million in front of him, Pazzi realizes that Mason is “not fooling around” (204). After returning to Florence, he attends a concert with his wife, Laura, where he notices Lecter in the audience. At intermission, Lecter approaches him and charms Laura. Lecter and Pazzi discuss his upcoming lecture. The next day, Pazzi meets with Carlo in a small town in Tuscany. They plan to catch Lecter after the lecture in the Palazzo Vecchio. Pazzi wants to be assured that Lecter will be “out of Tuscany” before Carlo tortures him (214).

Lecter wakes up and knows instinctively that he is “in danger” (215), but he does not alter his behavior. He reads about Clarice Starling's upcoming Judiciary Subcommittee hearing and studies the “serrated” Harpy knife that he used to kill Gnocco (216). Carlo drives into Florence to meet up with Pazzi. He is prepared to kill Lecter if the kidnapping goes awry and has considered the ways that he might film the death by himself to make extra money from Mason. Lecter visits a pharmacy in Santa Maria Novella and arranges for a selection of scented soaps and creams to be sent to Starling, including in the package a picture of her that he has drawn. Pazzi follows Lecter to the Santa Croce cathedral and watches as Lecter sketches with charcoal.

Chapters 36-40 Summary

In the Palazzo Vecchio, Lecter prepares to give his lecture. He is “courteous and extremely generous” with the workmen who assist him (226). The lecture concerns “Dante's Inferno and Judas Iscariot” (228). As Lecter talks about history's most famous traitors, Pazzi enters. Lecter elicits a laugh from the audience by referencing how one of Pazzi's ancestors is included in Dante's work “for treachery and betrayal” (229). Once the lecture is over, Pazzi contacts Carlo. As Carlo waits outside for Pazzi and Lecter, Pazzi is attacked by Lecter, who tells him that he is “giving serious thought to eating [his] wife” (233). Lecter ties up Pazzi and asks him about the men who are about to attack him. If Pazzi cooperates, then Lecter promises to leave Laura alone. Once he has the information he wants, Lecter throws Pazzi from the window of the Palazzo Vecchio with a noose around his neck. When the noose tightens, Pazzi's bowels fall out in bloody, theatrical tribute to the execution of Pazzi's ancestors.

Outside, Carlo and Matteo react. As Carlo rushes toward the building, Matteo is attacked and killed by Lecter. A young man on a motorcycle agrees to take Lecter across the river to his parked car. Carlo uses the air ambulance intended to transport Lecter to carry away the dead body of his brother, Matteo. He contacts Mason Verger, and they plan to kill Oreste and ship the pigs to America. Lecter travels to a small church in a town south of Florence, where he has stashed “passports of the best Brazilian manufacture, identification, cash, bankbooks, keys” (247). In Florence, the police gradually piece together what has happened to Pazzi. When Lecter is established as the suspect, Krendler contacts Mason. Starling is “the last to know that Dr. Lecter ha[s] killed again” (251). The photograph used on the police bulletins is his old, pre-cosmetic surgery face. In Sardinia, Carlo kills Oreste and his assistant. They feed the film director to the pigs.

Chapters 21-40 Analysis

Rinaldo Pazzi recognizes Lecter at a point in his life when he is vulnerable and easily corruptible. Though he dwells on whether he should arrest Lecter himself, he quickly chooses to abduct Lecter and give him to Mason Verger in exchange for $3 million. Pazzi’s vulnerability is framed by several real and one metaphorical public deaths. Pazzi is presented as someone who lives with the generational trauma of his family’s failure to usurp power, which only compounds the public shaming—a metaphorical death—he experiences, prior to the start of the novel, for a wrongful conviction in the most famous case of his career. In the aftermath of the Il Mostro mistake, Pazzi lost his friends, his reputation, and his relative wealth. He was left as a husk of a man, a hollowed-out version of his former self, and drifts through life without purpose. By selling Lecter to Mason, he can regain his former wealth and spite the authorities who turned on him and his family. Unfortunately for Pazzi, his choices result in his literal death, which rounds out his image as a tragic and pathetic figure. Lecter kills Pazzi in a theatrical reproduction of the public execution of Pazzi's ancestor: He is hanged, disemboweled, dangled from the balcony of the Palazzo Vecchio, and thrown from the window of the building that best embodies Florence's civic and political history. This spectacular and dramatic moment seems to specifically condemn his decision to not go to the authorities about Lecter. These public deaths, real and symbolic, are enough to doom Pazzi to the same fate as his ancestor, burning forever in the fires of ignominy.

Although depicted as spiteful and greedy, Pazzi’s character is redeemed by his love for his wife. He wants to provide for her, to gift her the presents and the luxuries he feels she deserves, so Pazzi decides to take the money rather than try to repair his reputation. Pazzi’s love for Laura ultimately saves her. Lecter presents Pazzi with a simple choice: If he answers Lecter's questions, then Lecter will not kill Laura. Pazzi chooses to save his wife, ironically only necessary because he brought Lecter into their lives with his greed and secrecy. Lecter keeps his promise and does not lay a finger on Laura. In some ways, Pazzi could be seen to die a hero’s death, even as his character remains mostly pitiful. In orchestrating such a juxtaposition of tragedy, pathos, spectacle, and heroism, Lecter shows Violence as an Art Form.

Mason's choice of kidnappers speaks to his family history as well as the theme of Inheritance and Generational Trauma. The Verger family business involves breeding and slaughtering pigs, and, as the novel notes, the Sardinians have a long history of kidnapping talent. Both families have passed on a talent for creating trauma, and Mason, as though he were selecting a pig breed for a certain trait, decides to invest his trust in the Sardinians as though they possess the best genes for the job. Inherited traits, whether from nature or through nurture, play a large role in the novel, particularly those traits related to violence. Yet, as the botched kidnapping demonstrates, one’s inheritance and family tradition may be limited by the inheritance and family tradition of others.

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