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83 pages 2 hours read

Laurie Halse Anderson

Chains

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2008

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Part 2, Chapters 41-45Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2 Chapters 41-45 Summary

Preparing to attend a ball in honor of the Queen’s birthday, Madam requests two new gowns. Isabel discusses the event with the other maids as they cook. Lady Seymour has another stroke and loses the use of her limbs. Madam Lockton appears frustrated at how long it is taking her to die and demands she be moved downstairs. Isabel must clean and air out the room afterward. During her chores, her thoughts turn to Ruth. She wishes she were here to see the wintry scene outside. Isabel weeps and chides herself for becoming emotional. She wishes she could gain her freedom like Phillis Wheatley or save enough money to buy herself liberation. Lady Seymour’s condition stabilizes, but the doctor says she will not recover. Madam Lockton continues her over-the-top wardrobe preparations for the ball. The guns will fire at noon as a salute to the Queen, and the ball will begin at six o’clock.

Isabel finishes reading Common Sense. She understands what Paine means about equality and freedom. She begins to think about how she might escape but deems it all but impossible due to the water surrounding the city. While passing through town, she sees Captain Morse, who wants her to deliver a penny to Captain William Farrar as payment for a lost bet. She finds the request puzzling, and when she delivers it, she sees that it is meant for her to carry another message. She is frustrated and returns home.

When Isabel returns, Madam is infuriated with her and strikes her across the face with a riding crop; Madam has heard from Jane Drinkwater, the town gossip, who spotted Isabel speaking with Farrar and receiving the note. Madam demands Isabel hand over the note, but Isabel tosses it into the fire. Madam strikes her again, drawing blood, and orders her locked in the potato bin. Before leaving, Madam threatens to sell Isabel and Ruth—she reveals that Ruth is still her property and hasn’t been sold. No one would buy her, so she was sent to the plantation in Charleston. Madam threatens to kill Ruth and sell Isabel, and she imprisons Isabel in the bin. Hannah brings Isabel water and a chamber pot, but she ignores Isabel’s cries for help. With the knowledge that Ruth is alive and nearby, Isabel frees herself from the bin and steals a map and a pass from the drawing room (enslaved people cannot travel outside their estates without a written pass). She renames herself Isabel Gardner and plans her route to find Ruth.

Isabel takes her map, forged pass, all her belongings, and some food and prepares to leave. She stops to stoke Lady Seymour’s fire and notices her money pouch. Lady watches her take the money but gestures she approves and tells her to “[r]un” (291). Isabel plans to steal a rowboat but remembers Curzon and how much he has helped her; she must rescue him from the prison. She bribes the guard Fisher with food and lies that she is there to clean cells for Colonel Hawkins. The prison reeks of waste and illness, and men are dying rapidly. She mucks out the cells, steals a blanket, and finds Curzon. He is very ill, and Didbin has recently passed. She pretends Curzon has died, wraps him in a blanket, and puts him in a wheelbarrow moving out of the prison past a sleepy Fisher. She and Curzon stealthily move toward the shore past guards and a barking dog. Curzon is weak and can barely walk. They get into a boat, and Isabel rows into the night until her hands bleed. She rows deep into fog and thinks she sees human forms in the mist. She feels a kind presence. At some point, she falls asleep and awakens the next morning on the shores of New Jersey.

The novel ends with a broadside announcing the search for the two runaways. Their story will continue in the next installment in the series, Forge.

Part 2, Chapters 41-45 Analysis

Madam Lockton continues in her denial; she pays little attention to the war or her husband’s dying aunt, focusing all her efforts on her dress for the ball honoring the Queen’s birthday. The reader is given an extended scene of the domestic workers laughing at the follies of the rich and poking fun at each other, and it’s a lighter moment in context of what is about to occur. Isabel finds herself unexpectedly thinking of Ruth and briefly allows emotion to take over. She is learning that courage does not mean stifling emotions but sometimes giving into them and allowing the grief to wash over the soul. She grieves, too, for Lady Seymour’s decline. Though she is still uncertain about their last conversation, she knows Madam’s treatment of Lady Seymour is wrong. Isabel tenderly cares for the dying woman, helping her to retain as much of her dignity as possible.

The final chapters show dramatic character development for Isabel, who demonstrates a new courage and hardened grit. This will be essential to her journey toward freedom and family. When Madam Lockton flies at her in one of her tumultuous rages, revealing that she exiled Ruth to the South Carolina estate, she also hurls vicious threats at Isabel—but her intimidation no longer affects Isabel, who brazenly burns the letter from the Colonel without any thought of recompense. When Isabel is locked in the potato cellar, she immediately sets in motion an escape plan, not pausing to consider the costs or weigh the options. Her mind is set, and her body acts on its own accord now, with one goal in mind: to get to Ruth as quickly as possible.

The scene in the drawing room is the moral climax of the story for the young protagonist. As she takes the pass and forges her freedom, she is signing her own declaration of independence. She truly sees herself in the mirror and decides to own her branded mark and accept its significance. In renaming herself, she takes a bold next step into a new life of mental freedom. Though her physical freedom is still in jeopardy, she has found the strength to free her soul. However, while her body and mind are in motion, the sight of the suffering Lady Seymour gives her pause. Though the Lady did not do all that she could to liberate Isabel, Isabel acknowledges her kindness and returns it with a warm fire and sip of water. Isabel decides to commit a noble crime, the first of many this day, by taking Lady Seymour’s money pouch. The Lady watches, unable to react, but with her eyes, she gives Isabel permission; it is the least the Lady can do in return for Isabel’s loyalty and forced service.

As Isabel makes her night flight to the shore, the thought of Curzon and his loyalty weighs heavy on her mind. Though she is set on her freedom and the rescue of Ruth, she is a person of character and knows that she owes a great debt to Curzon. In him, she has found a family, and she must at least try to save him from a torturous death in prison. Making a series of wise and quick decisions, she carts a desperately ill Curzon from the prison and settles them in a boat for yet another symbolic water crossing. Her earlier boat journeys were not of her choosing; this voyage is one she has not only chosen but has independently planned and arranged. As her hands crack and bleed, and Curzon languishes in fever, Isabel’s courage never falters. Once again, the ancestors come to her in spirit to guide her courageous journey, and the two young people awake to find they have safely made it across the harbor to New Jersey. 

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