44 pages • 1 hour read
Virginia WoolfA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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During the interval, Isa recites poetry as she looks around for Rupert Haines. She goes toward the stable and then sees Giles and Mrs. Manresa leave the greenhouse together. She follows them to the lawn as the third scene of the pageant begins with a tune called “A Pot Pourri” (79). The scene starts with the Victorian era, which disappoints Bart, who does not understand why they would skip the history of the British army. More tunes play, and then the publican Mr. Budge enters the stage. He appears to be dressed like a police officer and talks about his work directing traffic, protecting the subjects of Queen Victoria, and enforcing God’s and man’s laws. The villagers then put on a play set at a picnic party in 1860, where the characters talk about wishing to honor God by serving others and converting “the heathen.” They sing “Rule Britannia,” and then they dance and eat. One of the characters in the play, Mrs. Hardcastle, expresses her frustration at having four daughters and asks if another male character has a wife. The villagers sing a song asking that same question. Toward the end of the play, Mr. Hardcastle leads the picnickers in a prayer, thanking God for their food and asking for peace. The picnickers then pack their things and leave, and the gramophone plays a song about the joys of home. It is then time for another interval.
A villager named Mrs. Lynn Jones says she loved the Victorian-era play, while another named Ette Springett says she found it unpleasant and looks judgmentally at William. Mrs. Swithin asks if the others understand what Miss La Trobe’s pageant means and they all shake their heads, meaning they do not. Mrs. Manresa says she understands it and suggests Shakespeare’s writing was once considered difficult to understand, as well.
Giles looks at the group—Mrs. Manresa, William, Mrs. Swithin, and Isa—but Isa does not look at him. Giles says he feels “damnably unhappy,” and William and Isa say they feel the same way, too. Isa is exasperated by how long the pageant is going on. There is one more scene left, titled “Present Time. Ourselves” (89). Giles hopes that scene will be the last one; he is grumpy and tired. Mrs. Manresa teases him playfully. Bart asks what the purpose of the pageant is, and Isa replies that the money from the pageant will go toward installing electrical lights in the village church. As the group waits for the final scene to start, Isa recites poetry to herself. The audience begins to grow impatient and ask why Miss La Trobe is taking so long to finish the pageant. Some of the villagers spot her hiding behind a tree.
Behind the tree, Miss La Trobe feels frustrated and angry at the audience for not understanding her work. Then, a brief shower falls, ending as soon and as quickly as it began. After the drizzle, Miss La Trobe decides to take initiative with the script in the final scene, and it begins.
Miss La Trobe begins the present-day scene with the nursery rhyme “Sing a Song of Sixpence.” However, the voice that it is sung in keeps changing, and the tune, too, changes—first, it changes to a waltz, then to a lesser-known tune to which villagers in bird costumes dance, and then to a jazzy tune. Isa notices that a reporter named Mr. Page is taking notes about Miss La Trobe’s work in the pageant, which conveys the destruction and recreation of a civilization. Actors appear in costumes and jump and dance. Many of the villagers seem either excited or uncomfortable by this scene. Even the animals around appear to be interested, including Bart’s Afghan hound Sohrab.
Then, every actor from the previous scenes emerges on stage. They repeat fragments of their quotes and phrases from the previous acts. The actors then hold up silver mirrors and other reflective items to the audience so that the audience members can see themselves. Most of the villagers, including Bart and Mrs. Swithin, are horrified by this and look away from the mirrors. Mrs. Manresa, however, unapologetically looks at herself, even using the mirrors to powder her nose, adjust her hair, and reapply her lipstick. Some of the villagers are offended and angered by Miss La Trobe’s use of the mirrors.
Soon, a voice on the speaker addresses the audience, inviting them to reflect on themselves and think about their traits. The speaker tells the audience not to hide behind their clothing or in activities such as reading, playing instruments, and painting. The speaker also states that childhood does not make a person innocent, saying that people are essentially the same and they all possess varying degrees of darkness; however, everyone can introspect and improve themselves. The speaker then encourages the audience to listen to the gramophone. The gramophone then plays the previously heard tunes as well as other songs. The audience tries to seek the meaning behind the speaker’s words; eventually, many audience members begin to relax.
Then, the reverend Mr. Streatfield comes onto the stage. He says a prayer and then contemplates the meaning of the pageant. He praises Miss La Trobe’s writing and directing talents and gives his interpretation of the pageant: He says that while it showed there were different groups of people throughout England’s history, separated by time and differing experiences, they are all nevertheless connected to each other. He then happily announces that the pageant has raised a respectable amount of money toward getting electricity in the village church. Because there is still a deficit, however, Reverend Streatfield invites the villagers to donate more money. Even as he is speaking, he is interrupted by 12 loud planes flying over the audience. The audience is uncomfortable at the sound and sight of the planes passing over the village. Mr. Streatfield then thanks the audience and Miss La Trobe again before concluding his speech. The actors sing “God Save the King” before bowing before the audience. The audience applauds, and the gramophone repeats its call for the audience to disperse. The audience members begin to leave, discussing the pageant as they do so.
The final scenes of the pageant once again emphasize the aspects of theater fiction within the novel, with the characters’ thoughts and interactions taking place between the pageant scenes. This section presents the puzzling, unusual conclusion to the pageant with the actors’ use of mirrors to make the audience members reflect on themselves. In this way, the novel explores the audience’s reactions to the pageant, and their various reactions and interpretations to this final scene in the pageant show how art can inspire thought and conversation.
The tensions between characters continue to develop throughout this section. Giles and Mrs. Manresa’s earlier flirtations culminate in a sexual encounter in the greenhouse, which Isa discovers when she sees them leave the greenhouse together—this upsets her. Similarly, Miss La Trobe’s relationship with the audience continues to deteriorate, proving disappointing to both parties. She feels frustrated with the audience for not understanding her vision. Many members of the audience, in turn, feel disappointed in the pageant, like Bart, or bored by it, like Giles, who finds it overly long.
The theme of Introspection and Identity becomes an important theme of this section. At the pageant’s conclusion, Miss La Trobe has the actors hold up reflective surfaces to the audience, and the speaker asks the audience to truly look at themselves so they can realize that even with their differences, they are essentially the same. The mirrors are meant to show the audience members who they are and allow them to introspect. Many of the audience members are disturbed or offended by this. Even Bart and Mrs. Swithin do not wish to see themselves and look away. This shows that even though Mrs. Swithin has introspective moments, she struggles to truly acknowledge herself. However, the pageant’s final action inspires Isa to remain introspective and reflective about the pageant for the rest of the novel. The only audience member who is completely unfazed by the mirrors is Mrs. Manresa, who uses them to help her reapply her makeup. This shows that she completely accepts herself for who she is, unlike most people in the audience. Though most audience members do not look at or reflect on themselves, the pageant does open up conversations about the meaning of the scenes.
The Inevitability of Change is also an important theme in this section of the novel. The pageant depicts the Victorian period, which is a period of change for England as it becomes a global empire. The Victorian play within the pageant also reveals the link between Christianity and colonialism, subtly critiquing the colonial project by showing how the English used the conversion of colonized people as a justification for expanding the empire. The pageant also shows how music has evolved through the ages, with the inclusion of contemporary jazz music showing how English society has become more accepting of nontraditional art forms and has been influenced by global phenomena like racial integration. Mr. Streatfield celebrates that the village church will soon have electricity, showing how the village is becoming slowly modernized, as well.
Finally, when the 12 roaring planes fly over the audience, they drive home to the audience that war is coming to England and that it will change the country, and the rest of the world, forever. This also highlights the theme of The Impact of Impending War on Daily Life. While the quiet village setting has lulled characters into a false sense of safety, the loud planes signify that even they will not be spared the impending violence.
By Virginia Woolf