31 pages • 1 hour read
Ernest HemingwayA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Because Papa is the story’s sole narrator, the story gives no physical description of him. One can speculate that he’s an adult male and in relatively good physical condition, given that he can slip twice on the ice and still continue hunting. He’s a man who cares deeply about his family, yet he shows this care through actions rather than words.
Both Papa and Schatz struggle with communication. They share few words with each other. However, Papa’s actions reveal his obvious concern about Schatz. He calls the doctor immediately when he realizes that Schatz has a fever. He keeps a written record of Schatz’s temperature and when to give him his medicines. These are the actions of a careful and concerned parent. Though his parenting may be questionable, given that he goes hunting during Schatz’s illness, Papa may be so concerned that he needs to take his mind off it.
This hunting trip underscores Papa’s manliness. He may be Schatz’s caretaker, but he’s also a man who hunts regardless of the conditions. Although he falls on the ice, he immediately gets back up and continues his task. The hunt is challenging, and flushing out the birds is difficult, but he’s still somewhat successful. This demonstrates his prowess as a hunter and as a man. Despite his success as a hunter, Papa struggles to deal with his son’s mortality. Like all parents, he can do little to help when his son is sick. His frustration with his own futility is evident several times. He notices that Schatz is distressed but can’t find the words to uncover the issue. Rather than continue to ask and fail, he goes hunting. At the story’s climax, this frustration leads him to negate Schatz’s feelings.
Papa is a character who embodies Hemingway’s tenets of masculinity, yet he still fails to protect his child in “A Day’s Wait.” Despite struggling with the futility of helping his son, however, Papa mostly handles the situation with grace. He doesn’t complain but doggedly tries to care for his son. Hemingway considered this kind of dedication and quiet strength under pressure to be ideal traits.
Possibly the bravest nine-year-old boy ever written about, Schatz is selfless, courageous, and self-contained, and has immense mental fortitude. He exemplifies Heroic Fatalism in “A Day’s Wait.”
The only real physical descriptions of Schatz indicate that the boy is nine years old and is sick and miserable. The story implies that he has a multicultural background, as he was (or is) educated in France, has a German nickname, and is most likely living in the US during the story, given that few other places use the imperial measurement system. Schatz’s foreign education leads to his confusing Celsius and Fahrenheit measurements. Because of this confusion, he spends an entire day believing that he’s going to die. While one might expect a nine-year-old to cry or ask his parents what will happen to him, Schatz remains quiet, strong, and self-reliant. Strangely, this strength only prolongs his suffering.
Schatz is extremely selfless. He tries to be completely self-reliant. For example, rather than asking his father to close the windows in his room, he goes in to do it himself. Despite being ill and being told to go back to bed, Schatz gets dressed and goes downstairs by himself. Terrified that he’s going to die, he tells his father that he doesn’t have to stay if it bothers him. While Papa is gone, Schatz refuses to let anyone in his room to prevent them from contracting his illness. He goes an entire day without telling anyone of his fears and without asking for comfort. This is an excellent example of heroic fatalism. Schatz calmly accepts his fate and deals with his upcoming death with grace and dignity.
The problem, however, is that Schatz’s emotional turmoil is completely unnecessary. Had he simply told anyone about his concerns, he could have avoided an entire day of misery. Although this struggle is meant to highlight Schatz’s bravery despite his young age, his hesitance to “bother” his family, particularly over something as critical as his death, surprises modern readers.
Like his father, Schatz struggles with communication. His words carry a lot of unspoken meaning, which, unfortunately, neither his father nor the doctor pick up on. Schatz puts a lot of pressure on himself to act maturely. Papa points out as the narrator that the boy seemed troubled, as if he were “holding tight onto himself about something” (Line 80). However, when his burdens are lifted, he acts more his age and “crie[s] very easily at little things that [are] of no importance” (Line 105). This later weakness does nothing to dim the strength of this child and, if anything, only highlights his youth.
Although he appears only briefly in “A Day’s Wait,” the doctor’s role is pivotal to the story. First, he’s the first to indicate that Schatz is ill. While the narrative belies Papa’s suspicion that the boy is sick and that his forehead is warm, Schatz repeatedly says that he’s fine. The doctor is the first one who actually takes the boy’s temperature.
Second, all the misunderstandings start with the doctor. He tells Papa that Schatz’s temperature is 102, within Schatz’s hearing. However, the doctor then goes downstairs with Papa to discuss Schatz’s treatment and concerns. The story would have changed dramatically if the doctor had simply had this conversation in front of Schatz. Additionally, the doctor misunderstands the nature of the illness that he’s treating. He leaves Schatz with three pills: a laxative, a pill to overcome an acid condition, and a fever reducer. Only the last one would benefit a child with the flu. The laxative, in fact, would be downright harmful. Although these remedies were common in the 1930s, the fact that the doctor was wrong in his treatment reinforces the theme of misunderstandings in “A Day’s Wait.”
In addition, the doctor is a prime example of words not reflecting actions, a common problem in the story. The doctor says that Schatz’s illness is “nothing to worry about” (Line 76). However, he arrived at the house at nine o’ clock in the morning, indicating that Schatz was his first visit of the day. This action alone indicates that the doctor is greatly concerned over Schatz’s illness. Also, he leaves a nine-year-old three different pills to combat the illness that supposedly isn’t particularly concerning. Finally, the fact that the doctor doesn’t explain the illness to the patient indicates that he doesn’t want to worry him, which in itself indicates something to worry about. Despite his brief appearance, the doctor’s interaction with the father and son reinforces several of the story’s themes.
Hemingway could easily have written that Papa took a dog out hunting. Specifying the breed wasn’t necessary to the story. However, Hemingway identifies the dog as a “young Irish Setter” (Line 50). Clearly, the breed is important enough for Hemingway to draw attention to it. Additionally, Irish Setters weren’t popular dogs during this period of American history, and there’s no record of Hemingway ever owning one.
However, two characteristics perhaps make this specific breed of dog important to “A Day’s Wait.” The most obvious characteristic of this breed is its coat. Irish Setters rather famously have long, glossy, red fur, which would make quite the picture against the dry brush and icy ground in “A Day’s Wait.” The narrative portrays the dog as a helpmate and companion. To the quail, the dog represents death, and due to its unique coloring, it can be seen from a mile away.
Although Irish Setters are gun dogs, they’re also excellent family dogs. They’re known for loyalty and patience, and the Irish Setter in “A Day’s Wait” is no exception to this breed standard. Although the dog appears only in the hunting scene, Papa and the dog aren’t hunting in good conditions. They follow a frozen creek so slippery that the dog can’t get its footing, and Papa falls twice. Most people would give up at this point, but Papa continues, and the dog obediently follows him. This is representative of the relationship between Schatz and Papa. Schatz tries to follow Papa’s example regardless of whether it’s good for him.
By Ernest Hemingway